The predictors of Long-Term Care Service Utilization Among Older Americans

美國老人長期照護使用行為之預測因素

潘淑滿(Shu-Man Pan) ； 楊榮宗(Jung-Tsung Yang) ； 陳正宗(Cheng-Chung Chen)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 14卷4期 (1998/04) Pp. 226-233

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199804.0226

摘要

近年來，由於老齡人口急速增加及政府在老人長期照護所扮演的角色與功能，使得許多社會工作者開始重視與老人長期照護相關之問題。因此，本研究主要的目的是在探討美國老人長期照護使用之行為，及可能影響美國老人長期照護使用行為之預測因素。本研究乃一次級資料研究，運用多元類別洛基迴歸模式Multinomial logistic regression model ）分析美國老人長期照護八年追蹤調查資料。研究結果發現：在6,393位研究對象中，約有一半（56.5 %）上的老人在八年後已過世；12.6％的老人已由家中搬到療養院居住；老人使用社區照顧的機會偏低，僅10.4％的老人仍舊居住家中並接受專業人員協助；老人接受家人、親戚、或朋友等非正式照護機率普遍偏局 o 整體而言，美國老人長期照護資源分佈非常不均。雖然老人對長期照護的需求是預測是否使用長期照護服務的主要因素，可是其他社會人口變項如：家庭人口數、種族、年齡及教育程度也是重要預測因素。可以預測死亡 vs.非正式照護使用行為的因素包括：老人對長期照護之需求、年齡、家庭人口數、性別和婚姻狀況：可以預測看護之家 vs.非正式照護使用行為的因素包括：老人對長期照護之需求、家庭人口數和教育程度等。

並列摘要

Long-term care for the elderly has recently become an area of great Interest for practicing social workers because of the increasing number of aged persons and the important role of government in financing and regulating their care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a set of estimates on patterns In long-term care service use among older Americans over an eight-year period.
This study applied multinomial logistic regression to analyzing the data from the National Long-Term Care Survey of 1982-1989 (NLTCS). The results of this study showed a number of differences from the results with cross-sectional studies. Of the 6,393 sample persons, more than half (56.5%) died over the eight years from 1982 to
1989. The rate of entering nursing homes (12.6%) was low. The rate of using community-based care services was fairly low. About 10.4 percent of the sample received care from helping professional personnel or paid helpers. As expected, the number receiving care from kin and other informal support was high.
Long-term care services in the United States were distributed very unequally among various social groups. The indicator of need was not the only determinant of service utilization. Other variables such as number of household members, race, age and education were also important for service utilization. The predictors of deceased versus informal help were need, age, number of household member, gender and marital status. The predictors of nursing home care versus informal help were need, age, number of household members, education, attitude toward nursing home and race. The predictors of community-based help care versus informal help were need, number of household members, and education.

並列關鍵字

long-term care ； community care ； informal care