- 期刊
Association of Work Status and Mental Well-Being in New Mothers
產後婦女是否就業與心理健康之關係
摘要
本研究目的在比較職業婦女和家庭主婦於產後六週的心理健康狀態。研究樣本方便取樣自高雄市，共有188位職業婦女和82位家庭主婦參與此研究。測量工具除基本資料外，包括知覺壓力量表、社會支持調查表、自尊量表以及貝氏憂鬱量表。兩組基本資料的分析，家庭主婦組的年齡、教育程度和社經階層均比職業婦女組低，由於教育程度為顯著的共變數，故以單因子多變項共變數分析檢測兩組在四個心理健康依變項上的差異。結果發現家庭主婦組的憂鬱盛行率較高，其知覺壓力和憂鬱方面的得分顯著高於職業婦女組，而社會支持和自尊則顯著低於職業婦女組。因之，就業有益於產後婦女心理健康，其相關因素是家庭經濟收入增加，壓力緩解途徑、社會支持網絡和自我價值感的提升。由於本研究為橫斷式資料收集，文中亦討論了變項間其他可能之因果關係解釋。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
The present study was to consider the relationship between work status and mental well-being of women at six weeks postpartum. One hundred and eighty-eight employed mother and 82 unemployed mothers were recruited from the Kaohsiung city area in southern Taiwan to participate in this the study. Five instruments were used to collect data: the demographic data form, Cohen's perceived stress scale, Cohen's interpersonal support evaluation list, Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory, and the Beck depression inventory. In results, unemployed mothers were younger, had fewer years of education, and lower socioeconomic status than employed mothers. To adjust for these differences in group characteristics, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to determine the role of work on mental health factors. Unemployed mothers were found to be at significantly increased risk for depression in terms of prevalence and severity. They also showed significantly greater stress, reduced social support and lowered self-esteem. That employment is mentally beneficial for post partum women may be due to increased financial resources and provision of additional stress release outlets, social support resources and opportunities for affirmation of personal worth. Since this study is cross-sectional, some reason able alternative causal explanations for these data were also discussed.