COGNITIVE BIASES FOR EMOTIONAL FACES IN HIGH AND LOW DEPRESSIVE PARTICIPANTS

本研究檢驗憂鬱人格特質和訊息處理偏誤之問的關聯性。三十名受試者按基氏人格測驗憂鬱分量表的得分之中位數，區分成兩組：高憂鬱特質和低憂鬱特質。訊息處理偏誤的測量是使用注意分酊作業和再認記憶作業。前者是利用同一個人的情緒照片和中性照片配對呈現，受試者必須選擇在那一邊的人臉上的色塊先出現，以受試者選擇快樂、生氣、和悲傷的臉那一邊的次數百分比，分別代表對每一種情緒的選擇性注意偏誤的分數。後者是在登錄階段，讓受試者看不同情緒的人臉照片，接著在回憶階段再請受試者判斷是否該人臉是剛才看過的，或者是從未看過。對每一種情緒臉孔的再認記憶的強度是根據訊號偵測理論從正確回答率和假警報率計算得來。實驗結果是，和低憂鬱特質相較之下，高憂鬱特質的受試者表現出負面的認知型態：對於悲傷的人臉有比較強的再認記憶，並且對於悲傷人臉的選擇注意之抑制能力比較弱，此結果暗示憂鬱特質容易產生人際的退縮行為。

關鍵字

憂鬱特質；注意偏誤；記憶偏誤；情緒臉孔

並列摘要

This study examined the association between trait depression and information-processing biases. Thirty participants were divided into high- and low-trait depressive groups based on the median of their depressive subscale scores according to the Basic Personality Inventory. Information-processing biases were measured using a deployment-of-attention task (DOAT) and a recognition memory task (RMT). For the DOAT, participants saw one emotional face paired with a neutral face of the same person, and then were forced to choose on which face the color patch had first occurred. The percentage of participants' choices favoring the happy, angry, or sad faces represented the selective attentional bias score for each emotion, respectively. For the RN/IT, participants rated different types of emotional faces and subsequently discriminated old faces from new faces. The memory strength for each type of face was calculated from hit and false-positive rates, based on the signal detection theory. Compared with the low-trait depressive group, the high-trait depressive group showed a negative cognitive style. This was an enhanced recognition memory for sad faces and a weakened inhibition of attending to sad faces, suggesting that those with high depressive trait may be vulnerable to interpersonal withdrawal.

並列關鍵字

trait depression ； selective attentional bias ； recognition memory ； emotional faces

國際替代計量

COGNITIVE BIASES FOR EMOTIONAL FACES IN HIGH AND LOW DEPRESSIVE PARTICIPANTS

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