Psychosocial Features at Different Periods after Childbirth

產後不同時段婦女之心理社會狀況

洪志秀(Chich-Hsiu Hung)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 23卷2期 (2007/02) Pp. 71-79

摘要

本研究目的在於比較初產婦出院之後六週期問之產後壓力、憂鬱程度、社會支持和健康狀況。於高雄市的醫院和婦產科診所招募435位初產婦。以探討產婦於六週產褥期問之產後壓力、憂鬱、社會支持和健康狀況的變化。研究結果顯示「嬰兒突然生病」、「婴兒的生活作息無法預期」和「腹部肌肉鬆驰」是初產婦於產後六週期問五項最高產後壓力源中持續出現的三項。大部分婦女屬於極低憂鬱程度，人數比率介於71.83%「産後六週」至81.58%「産後一週」。她們感受到高度的社會支持，尤其來自家人方面。有25.71%婦女「産後第五週」至32.47%婦女「産後第二週」為陽性的精神個案。然而產後六週期問婦女的產後壓力和社會支持平均分數並沒有呈現統計上差異。同樣的，產婦於六週內的憂鬱程度與健康狀況在統計上也沒有呈現差異。本研究結果提建議未來可以採用縱貫性研究法以生產之後至產後一年的期間探討產後婦女在心理社會方面之變異。

關鍵字

憂鬱 ； 健康狀況 ； 產後壓力 ； 初產婦 ； 社會支持

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare first-time mothers' postpartum stress, depression, social support, and health status over the first 6 weeks following discharge from hospital after childbirth. Four hundred and thirty-five women were enrolled from clinics and hospitals in Kaohsiung City, southern Taiwan. The study showed that three items-”the baby getting sick suddenly”, ”the unpredictability of the baby's schedule”, and ”the flabby flesh of my belly”-were consistently perceived to be among the top five postpartum stressors by women, regardless of which postpartum week it was. Most women had minimal depression with 71.83% in the sixth week to 81.58% in the first week. Women perceived a high level of social support and their greatest amount of support was from family. A range of women from 25.71% in the fifth week to 32.39% in the second week of postpartum was categorized as having minor psychiatric morbidity. However, the results indicated that the mean scores for postpartum stress and social support did not differ significantly for the women over the 6 postpartum weeks. Women with different depression levels and health status over the 6 postpartum weeks had no significant differences either. Insight into the results of this study provides a framework for additional research that a longitudinal design is needed from immediate childbirth to 1 year postpartum in order to explore the fluctuations of women's psychosocial factors.

並列關鍵字

depression ； health status ； postpartum stress ； primipara ； social support