A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Stress and Health in Taiwan

國內壓力與健康關聯性之整合分析研究

余麗樺(Li-Fa Yu) ； 林耀盛(Yaw-Sheng Lin) ； 陳九五(Jew-Wu Chen) ； 王秀紅(Hsiu-Hung Wang) ； 邱兆宏(Chao-Hung Chiu)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 23卷6期 (2007/06) Pp. 287-297

摘要

本研究旨在整合國內既有的原始研究，通盤瞭解壓力與健康問的關聯性、不同壓力類型和健康構面間關聯性的差異，以及壓力與健康問可能的調節變項。本研究方法採用整合分析技術，結合國內從1980年至2003年問相關議題之期刊論文與博碩士論文進行分析，共354篇。本研究中所回顧之文獻取自國內數個資料庫，系統地蒐集相關文獻，搜尋關鍵字為「壓力」或「生活事件」，之後從每篇納入分析的研究報告中登錄重要特徵變項，計算壓力與健康的關聯效果量。另外，透過類別模式分析與相關分析的統計方法，檢視這些研究特徵變項在壓力與健康關聯性中可能的調節作用。研究結果顯示，(1)總壓力與總健康，及總壓力與各健康構面間有中度偏高的關聯性；(2)各壓力類型與各健康構面問有不同程度的關聯性存在；(3)諸等人口學和方法學變項，無法單獨調節總壓力與總健康兩者的關聯性，其調節作用尚不夠充分有力。本研究為壓力與健康關聯性之研究議題呈現出一個多面向的輪廓，並為未來研究提供可參考的方向。另外，社會支持、因應方式、人格特質之調節作用的檢視，未獲得證據的支持，可能是方法學上的侷限所致，未來宜對此進一步探討。

關鍵字

健康 ； 整合分析 ； 壓力

並列摘要

This study adopted the meta-analysis technique to analyze 354 journal articles, theses, and dissertations that had investigated the association between stress and health in Taiwan between January 1980 and December 2003. This study was conducted with the purpose of understanding the association between general stress and general health, the discrepant associations between different stress types and health facets, and the possible moderators between general stress and general health. Acomputer search for relevant studies was conducted on several databases using the key words ”stress” and ”life event”. For each eligible study, the important study characteristics were recorded, and the effect sizes of the relationship between stress and health were computed. Furthermore, in order to investigate the moderating effects of the study characteristics on the stress–health relationship, the methods of categorical model analysis and correlation analysis were employed. The results of this study revealed that: (1) the correlations between general stress and general health as well as between general stress and various health facets fell between medium and high; (2) there existed different degrees of association between various stress types and health facets; and (3) none of the demographic and methodologic variables could by itself moderate the relationship between general stress and general health as the moderator effects were not sufficient and strong enough. This study presents a multidimensional framework of the issues on the relationship between stress and health, and it provides guiding references for future research. No evidence was found for moderating effects of social support, coping strategies, and personality traits on the stress-health relationship. Such findings may be due to methodologic limitations. This suggests that further investigation is needed.

並列關鍵字

health ； meta-analysis ； stress