石樑工法應用在農水路生態改善工程

Improvement of Ecology in the Irrigation Canals by the Application of Stone-beam Works

陳獻(Shinne Chen) ； 謝新春(Hsin-Chun Hsieh) ； 楊紹洋(Shaw-Yang Yang) ； 邱金火(Jin-Forie Chiou) ； 李俊儒(Chun-Ju Li)

《農業工程學報》 53卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 61-76

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.200706.0007

摘要

考慮水理安全和水域生態環境下，在不破壞原有結構物，將石樑工法應用在既有矩形混凝土內面工農水路之生態改善，藉由渠底橫向堆石，增加水流歧異度和水體溶氧量。進行水工試驗，量測水位、流速、渠流能量損失及淤砂量等，分析圳路之生態性參數，探討石樑工最佳的配置。研究結果顯示，兩座石樑間距以16倍堆石直徑為宜，上游段石樑工以三角形向上延伸與渠槽橫斷面夾角為45度排列方式較佳，可得較小渠流能量損失和改善淤砂情況。在台中農田水利會苗栗卓蘭主圳施作生態改善工程，於水路設置改良式石樑工，進行圳路水理、底質、水質及生物等現地調查，印證水工試驗之結果。現地試驗結果顯示，圳路設置改良式石樑工可產生多樣性流況和增加水體溶氧量，有利於不同物種的生存；現地水質調查項目中，除NH3-N值和濁度時有偏高外，均在灌溉用水可接受範圍內；生物調查於改善工程施作後記錄到極樂吻蝦虎1種，唯魚隻數量仍少，有待日後繼續調查。本研究成果有助於既有農水路生態工程之推展，並提供相關農政單位生態工程規劃與設計之參考。

關鍵字

農水路 ； 石樑工 ； 生態工法 ； 生態性參數

並列摘要

Considered the structure and hydrology safely without destroy the existing structure, the stone-beam works is the application by the piled stones on the bottom of agriculture canal and the improvement of ecology. It can increase the diversity and the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. We have carried on the hydraulic test measured the water level, velocity of flow, energy losing, and silt and sand deposition. We also analyze the ecological parameter. The optimum project is selected for the stone-beam works in an irrigation canal. The improving engineering is made by using the stone-beam works in the Taizhong irrigation. The managements of hydraulic parameters and the investigations of water quality, channel-bottom constituent, and organism are made for estimating the benefits of improving engineering work. The result shows, it is good that the interval of roof beam of two stones piles the diameter of stone by 16 times; it is relatively good that one section of stones roof beam of the upper reaches extends 45 degrees of permutation ways upwards with the triangle. This can be smaller energy losing and improve the silt and sand situation. The in-situ investigation shows that the improving engineering can crease the diversity and the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. The water quality is except the content of ammonia nitrogen and turbid degree on the high side; the other investigated value of water quality can be accepted in the range of the agricultural water quality. In the investigation of fishes, shrimps, and crabs, we only caught one kind of fish as the Rhinogobius giurinus after the improving engineering work carried out. These research results contribute to the improvement of ecology in the irrigation canals and the reference of offering the relevant project to plan and design.

並列關鍵字

Irrigation canal ； Stone-beam works ； Ecological engineering method ； Ecological index