- 期刊
衛星遙測應用於員山子分洪隧道出口海岸水質監測
Application of Remote Sensing to Coastal Water Quality Monitoring at the Outlet of Yuan-Shan-Tsu Diversion Tunnel
摘要
員山子分洪隧道於颱洪期間，分流洪水至東北角海岸地區，其所挾帶之泥沙含量對於分洪道出口海岸地區之水質恐有影響，對其可能衍生之效應宜有長期監測與評估。傳統水質採樣與分析需消耗大量人力、時間且所費不貲，爲解決上述問題，本文以冬光譜衛星遙測技術配合現地調查，於員山子分洪隧道出口海岸地區進行經常性之水質監測，監測項目包含沙奇盤深度，濁度、總懸浮周體與葉綠素a，颱風時期，海域水質濁度與總懸浮固體上升，沙奇盤深度變淺，在統計檢定卜皆爲顯著改變，但在總量的改變上並不大（濁度自1.03NTU上升至1.79NTU），海水晞釋作用下濁度與總懸浮固體濃度隨時間而隆低，現階段分洪對於隧道出口海域水質並無明顯影響。但仍建議持續長期之監測工作。爲應用衛星遙測技術建立精確的海域水質推估關係，本文仔細討論海域水質資料間之關係，濾除因實驗誤差而不符合整體趨勢的資料。沙奇盤深度與SPOT衛星各波段反射率（綠光、紅光與近紅外光）呈反比，濁度與總懸浮固體則爲正比趨勢，葉綠素a所測得資料範圍編低，與反射率無顯著趨勢，故於後續模式建立時將葉綠素a排除。以往應用衛星資料推估水質時多採用單一或多波段資料推估單一水質變數，然海水中包含可溶性有機物質、懸浮顆粒與浮游藻類等將同時影響水體反射率，故以衛星波段反射率建立之水質模式時應同時考慮水中各物質對反射率之影響。本文採用多變數水質模式同時推估沙奇盤深度、濁度與總懸浮固體等水質變數，成果較單變數水質模式良好且合理，觀測與推估值判定係數達0.81。最後以衛星影像繪製分洪道出口海域水質分布圖，對於長期監測海域水質而言是相當重要的工具。
並列摘要
Approximately 80% of the 200-yr flood flow is diverted through the Yuan-Shan-Tsu diversion tunnel and discharged to the Eastern China Sea. Sedimentation originated in the upstream watershed and carried by the flood flow may have long term effect on coastal water quality. It therefore necessitates a program for routine monitoring of costal water quality. Such monitoring program can he best implemented using remote sensing technology. Water quality data, taken In situ, revealed that turbidity and suspended solid concentration rose after typhoon even and then reduced to normal level in one month. The relationships between turbidity, suspended solid and secchi disk depth were discussed in the context. A spectral reflectance estimation scheme proposed in this study was applied to estimate sea surface reflectance from SPOT images. Univariate and multivariate water quality estimation models using sea surface reflectance derived from SPOT images were compared. The multivariate model, using atmospheric corrected multispectral reflectances, took into consideration the wavelength-dependent combined effect of individual seawater constituents on sea surface reflectance and yielded more accurate water quality estimation result. The chlorophyll-a concentration showed poor relationships with reflectances, therefore chlorophyll-a concentration was excluded in our model. Quantitative coastal water quality maps were produced by multivariate water quality estimation model.
延伸閱讀
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