通用性廣域水資源運用模擬模式

A Generalized Simulation Model for Regional Water Allocation

周乃昉(Frederick N.-F. Chou) ； 吳嘉文(Chia-Wen Wu)

《農業工程學報》 56卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 1-21

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201003.0001

摘要

因應台灣地區特殊之水資源環境，本文應用最小成本網流規書法建置一套適用於台灣地區之通用性區域水資源供需利用開庭模式，並命名爲WRASIM。藉由設定適當之水量分配參數，WRASIM可模擬台灣地區廣域的水資源運用，包括：水庫運用規線、蒸發散損失、水力電廠尖峰發電、河道環境基流量、河渠輸水滲漏損失、淨水場處理損失與原水濁度限制淨水場可出水量等。本文籍自評估北部區域板新用水區之供水情勢，展示WRASIM可如何正確模擬翡翠及石門水庫並聯系統之水資源運用。模擬結果顯示若設定新店溪系統於翡翠水庫蓄水低於嚴重下限時即停止供應板新用水區，則可維持台北用水區的缺水指數爲所有用水區中最低者。另方面，若不對此二系統設定固定的責任供水量或地區，而視翡翠與石鬥水庫蓄水狀態彈性調整其對板新地區的供水量，則可顯著提升系統對所有公共用水的供水穩定性，並增加兩水庫的總發電量。

關鍵字

廣域水資源運用 ； 模擬 ； 網流規劃

並列摘要

This paper applied the network flow programming to develop a regional water supply simulation model which considers several unique characteristics of water resources utilization in Taiwan. This model was named ”Water Resources Allocation Simulation Model” and abbreviated as WRASIM. By properly transforming the realistic system into network structure and assigning allocation strategies, WRASIM can allocate daily water resources of a system with versatile components. These include operating rule curves, peak hydroelectric generation and evaporation losses of reservoirs, minimum in-stream flow requirements, return floss, water transmitting and treatment losses and limiting water withdrawal capacity due to high turbidity of streamflow, etc. A case study of comparing two allocation strategies of the water resources of Shihmen and Feitsui reservoirs system in northern Taiwan was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of WRASIM. The analyzing results revealed that a more balancing water supply situation could be achieved by jointly operating these two reservoirs.

並列關鍵字

Regional water allocation ； Simulation ； Network flow programming