人工棲所的設置對水生生物的影響

The Effects of Artificial Shelters on Aquatic Organisms

邱宏彬(Hung-Pin Chiu) ； 陳虹琪(Hung-Chi Chen) ； 孫建平(Jian-Ping Suen)

《農業工程學報》 61卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 29-44

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201503_61(1).0003

摘要

渠道之水生生態及其周邊土地利用等對農業生態環境的影響，漸因現今生態環境保育觀念的提升而獲得大家的重視，進而提供水生生態環境的渠道設施，也因此在工程施作上進行了許多的改良。人工棲所這種以河道內避難棲所為概念的工法已在國外行之有年，而臺灣的灌排系統中也有施行這種工法。本研究的研究區域—嘉南大圳南幹支線，曾於2010年6月在部份渠道段完成人工棲所的設置，為了解此一人工棲所的設置對水生生物的影響，本研究於2010年7月起於不同的灌溉期進行水生生物和環境因子的調查，並與傳統的三面工混凝土渠道進行比較。研究結果顯示各測站的環境差異不大，而在設有人工棲所的測站，魚類的密度會高於其他無設置人工棲所的測站，且原生魚種的相對豐度在不同的灌溉期幾乎都高於外來魚種，但蝦類反而是以在遠離市區的測站（無人工棲所的傳統的三面工混凝土矩型渠道）有比較高的密度，探究其原因為蝦類可能對於濁度的要求較高。水溫的高低對於水生生物具有一定的影響，但本研究發現無論是哪種水溫狀況，原生魚、蝦類在設有人工棲所或是鄰近人工棲所的測站都有較高的相對豐度。期望藉由探討這項灌溉渠道人工棲所的結果，能提供未來圳路生態工程化的參考。

關鍵字

人工棲所 ； 主成份分析 ； 灌溉渠道

並列摘要

In agricultural ecosystems, the ecological concern of irrigation channels and ditches has been reconsidered and materialized in channel improvement. The ecological concept has been widely accepted and applied into irrigation systems. The idea of the in-stream shelter/cover technique has been used as a new method in many countries. Recently, this eco-construction has also been installed in the irrigation system of Taiwan. In Xinhua, Tainan City, an installation of artificial shelters for southern branch of Chia Nan Irrigation Channel was completed in June 2010. In order to know the effects of artificial shelters on aquatic organisms, this study investigates aquatic organisms and environmental factors among different types of sampling channels (U-shaped, trapezoid-shaped, with and without artificial shelters) during the different irrigation periods from July 2010. The results indicate environmental factors are not significant differences among different types of sampling channels. The density of fish in the channel with artificial shelters is higher than without artificial shelters, and the relative abundance of native species is approximately higher than relative abundance of exotic species. The density of shrimp is the highest in the U-shaped channel (Without artificial shelters). This phenomenon perhaps results from the influence of turbidity analyzed by principal component analysis. The abundance of aquatic organisms is affected by water temperature, but this study detects that native species have more relative abundance in the channel with artificial shelters or adjacent the channel with artificial shelters at different water temperature conditions. We believe our study can provide some helpful information for the improvement of ecological engineering of Taiwan irrigation system in the future.

並列關鍵字

Artificial shelters ； Principal component analysis ； Irrigation Channel