- 期刊
浸入式超音波泥砂濃度自動化監測系統研發
A Submerged Type of Ultrasonic Measurement System for Suspended Sediment Concentrations
摘要
臺灣由於河川長度短且流速急，豐水期河川泥砂含量又高，因此泥砂淤積問題一直是各水工構造物所面臨到的重要問題。目前針對泥砂濃度量測方法之研究已有相當成果，惟各種方法仍有其水域或濃度範圍之限制，如傳統之取樣量測法具有較高之準確性，但卻耗費時間與人力，且無法長期監測，故本研究目的即利用超音波衰減法量測懸浮泥砂濃度，並以微控制器操控整體系統運作，發展一套即時監控之懸浮泥砂量測系統，並改善過去固定式量測站的缺點，採用浸入式量測設備提升對於水中泥砂分布監測與泥砂濃度推估之效能。本研究藉由建立模擬現場之量測配置，量測泥砂濃度與訊號衰減量之特性關係，實驗選用之懸浮泥砂種類為曾文水庫底泥，其架構採用一對超音波探頭搭配各自獨立之收發電路，發射訊號頻率為1 MHz，而系統之主要控制核心為微控制器與人機介面，微控制器之功能為傳送控制發射端之訊號及資料傳輸，人機介面則為下達開始量測命令與即時顯示量測讀值並儲存等功能。實驗室即時量測結果與取樣烘乾驗證比對結果顯示超音波衰減量和烘乾試驗之泥砂濃度成良好的線性關係，證明超音波式泥砂濃度量測系統運用於懸浮質泥砂濃度即時監測之可行性。
並列摘要
Due to the short length and rapid flow of the river in Taiwan. Flood season, river silt content is too high, so the sediment deposition problem has been encountered by various hydraulic structures. Among of many methods used to measure suspended sediment concentrations, the bottle sampling is the most accurate method. However, time-consuming, working space limitation and non-continuous recording are disadvantages of the bottle sampling method. As the result, the development of the suspended sediment concentration measurement is the purpose of this study. A microcontroller is used to control the operation of the system to improve the performance of the sediment distribution monitoring and estimation of sediment concentration. In this research, we present the design and fabrication of a novel experimental system to measurement sediment concentration. Very good agreement between measurement results and results by adust method can be found. The submerged type of ultrasonic measurement system for sediment concentration will be a great help for complete monitoring in rivers, lakes and reservoirs.