使用無人飛行載具進行攝影量測以建置三維模型

Application of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Photogrammetry Techniques to Construct Three-Dimensional Model

柳文成(Wen-Cheng Liu) ； 呂建興(Chien-Hsing Lu) ； 黃偉哲(Wei-Che Huang)

《農業工程學報》 64卷3期 (2018/09) Pp. 79-93

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201809_64(3).0006

摘要

無人飛行載具（Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV）結合影像量測技術已廣泛應用在地形及建物量測。將UAV所拍攝的影像輸入三維軟體（3D modeling software）就能建置三維數值模型。在建立三維數值模型時，其影像的攝影高程、拍攝角度、解析度 及影像重疊率將會影響該三維數值模型的精度。本研究使用3種拍攝航高與及3種影像重疊率分別建置三維數值模型，並討論拍攝航高及影像重疊率對三維數值模型精度的影響。結果顯示，當影像重疊率超過70%後，其三維數值模型檢核點誤差將小於1.5公尺，而主要的誤差來源為高程誤差，且高程誤差將隨著拍攝航高越高，其高程誤差越大，但混合不同拍攝航高的影像，將大幅減少高程誤差，於本研究混合三種拍攝航高影像後，其高程誤差由1.43公尺降低為0.11公尺。

關鍵字

無人飛行載具 ； 影像測量 ； 三維數值模型 ； 影像重疊率 ； 拍攝航高

並列摘要

Recently UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry, which combines UAV and three-dimensional modeling software, is widely used for terrain and buildings measurements. There are several factors to affect the accuracy of digital elevation model (DEM) and three dimensional model including photography altitude, photography angle, image resolution, and photo overlap ratio. In the present study, we use three different UAV altitudes to take photos and three different photo overlap ratios to construct a three-dimensional model and discuss the influences of photography altitude and photo overlap ratio on the accuracy of three-dimensional model. The results reveal that when the photo overlap ratio is over 70%, the root mean square error (RMSE) will be less than 1.5 m. The height error is the main error and increases with UAV altitude. The height error can be decreased by using images form difference UAV altitudes. We found that the height error decreased from 1.43 m to 0.11 m.

並列關鍵字

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ； Photogrammetry ； Three-dimensional model ； Photo overlap ratio ； Fly altitude