利用稻殼炭及咖啡渣作為生活污水之前處理濾材之可行性研究

Feasibility study of using rice husk charcoal and coffee grounds as pretreatment filters for domestic waste water

許少華(Shao-hua Marko Hsu) ； 翁曼婷(Man-Ting Weng)

《農業工程學報》 66卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 14-20

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.202012_66(4).0002

摘要

水庫集水區、山坡地等地區之地下污水管線及污水處理系統較不普及，生活污水通常直接或經化糞池簡單處理後排入溝渠以及鄰近河川。污水處理主要關鍵為氮、磷之去除，故本文針對處理生活污水之氮、磷做分析，並且利用簡便、低價濾材設計為污水處理設施前處理裝置，以降低後續系統負荷、延長使用壽命，並達到保護水庫水源之目的。生態工法及自然淨化工法近年來逐漸被廣泛使用，如人工溼地、植生滯留槽、礫間淨化法等，除造價低廉外，因材料可就地取材、降低能源消耗而漸漸成為一種趨勢。本研究即是參考植生滯留槽延伸出之「多層複合濾料系統」之內部配置作為試驗裝置設計。MSL（Multi-soil Layering）主要以土塊（Soil mixing block layer, SML）及透水層（Permeability layer, PL）組成，本試驗將土塊以稻殼炭或咖啡渣替換，並分別探討此二種材質吸附水中正磷酸鹽及氨氮之可行性，做為未來材料選擇之參考。由試驗結果得知，稻殼炭吸附氨氮之效果良好，於吸附段之去除率達54.3%，咖啡渣僅37.1%，總去除率分別為70.5%及62.9%。稻殼炭及咖啡渣對於正磷酸鹽之吸附效果相對較不顯著，於吸附段之去除率分別為8.5%及14%，總去除率分別68.3%及66.0%；由此可知，雖然此二種材質確實具有去除正磷酸鹽之能力，但效果不佳，故仍須與生物處理相互搭配。

關鍵字

MSL ； 自然工法 ； 生活污水 ； 優養化 ； 咖啡渣 ； 稻殼炭 ； 水質

並列摘要

Domestic sewage in urban areas in Taiwan is mostly collected by sewage sewer system to the sewage treatment plant. The underground sewage pipelines and sewage treatment systems in reservoir catchment areas, hillsides and other areas are not feasible. Domestic sewage is usually discharged directly into the ditch and adjacent rivers after simple treatment by septic tanks. In order to protect the reservoir water source, the main key of sewage treatment is the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, this paper analyzes the nitrogen and phosphorus treatment of domestic sewage, and uses simple and low-cost filter materials to design a pre-treatment device for sewage treatment facilities. At first, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water can be adsorbed first and suspended solids can be removed to reduce subsequent system load and prolong service life. Ecological engineering methods and natural purification methods have gradually been widely used in recent years, such as constructed wetlands, planting retention tanks, and gravel purification methods. In addition to low cost, and materials can be used locally to reduce energy consumption has gradually become a trend. In this study, the test device was designed based on the principle of ＂Multi-soil Layering＂ (MSL) extended by the planting retention tank. The MSL system is mainly composed of a soil mixing block layer (SML) and a permeability layer (PL). In this test, the SML were replaced with rice husk charcoal or coffee grounds, and the two materials were discussed separately. The feasibility of adsorbing pollutants in water as a reference for future material selection. The test results show that rice husk carbon has a good effect of adsorbing ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate in the adsorption section is 54.3%, while the coffee grounds are relatively lower in the adsorption section, which is only 37.1%, with total removal rates are 70.5% and 62.9%. The adsorption effect of rice husk charcoal and coffee grounds material on orthophosphate is relatively insignificant. The removal rates in the adsorption section are 8.5% and 14%, and the total removal rates are 68.3% and 66.0%. This material does have the ability to remove orthophosphate, but it is not as effective as adding chemical adsorption agents, so it must still be matched with the microbial treatment in the later stage to achieve the best results.

並列關鍵字

MSL ； Natural engineering ； Domestic sewage ； Eutrophication ； Coffee grounds ； Rice husk ； Water quality