A Study of Lumbar Disc Injury under Typical Frontal Impact Load

典型正面衝擊載荷下腰椎間盤損傷的研究

肖森(Sen Xiao) ； 曲志東(Zhi-Dong Qu) ； 陳光(Guang Chen) ； 楊濟匡(Ji-Kuang Yang) ； 黃晶(Jing Huang)

《中國機械工程學刊》 42卷6期 (2021/12) Pp. 605-612

摘要

Although the number of seriously injured cases of frontal impact has been sharply decreased, the spine injury especially the lumber injury is still at a high level, thereby resulting in serious consequences. This paper is aimed to investigate the lumber injury mechanism in terms of the extension, compression, flexion and rotation loads during the frontal crash using the newly established lumbar model, especially to study the injury mechanism in the lumber disc on a microscale. A new detailed model for the lumbar was used, and the micro index of stress and strain was then investigated to analyze the injury mechanism of the lumber disc in the regulation frontal crash. The complex load can be divided into several representable load patterns. Four representative loads were used to reflect the loads in real accident. At last, the correlation of load types and the micro distribution was discussed to describe the injury mechanism. The results show that the disc will have the greatest stress when the loads applied on the sample. The strain in the disc is several times larger than that on the spine, which indicates the disc is the crucial part when considering the spine injury in the frontal crash. Each load poses its unique strain/stress response on the disc. The annulus fibrosus of the disc is dangerous under all loads, though the nucleus pulposus of the disc is safe during the impacts. Results in this study can provide a reference to the spine used in the study of spine cord injury.

關鍵字

lumbar injury ； spine disc ； frontal impact ； load pattern ； strain/stress distribution

並列摘要

雖然在正面碰撞事故中人員受到嚴重損傷的情況急劇減少，但是因為脊柱損傷尤其是腰部脊椎損傷導致嚴重損傷的事故統計依然很多。本文旨在利用新建立的精細化分塊腰椎生物力學模型研究當乘員受到正面碰撞時在脊椎單元上受到拉伸，壓縮，扭矩，彎矩等代表性載荷造成的腰部脊椎特別是腰間盤所受的損傷分佈特徵，特別是研究微觀腰椎間盤損傷特徵機制。結果表明，當載荷施加在脊椎單元樣本中時椎間盤將會有最大的應力，椎間盤中的應變比椎體上的應變大幾倍。本研究結果可為脊柱損傷的生物力學研究提供參考，該模型亦可用於脊髓損傷的生物力學數值研究。