探討護理學生選擇進入護理職場之意向探討：社會認知生涯理論

Factors Affecting the Career Choices in Nursing Among Taiwanese Nursing Students: Social Cognitive Career Theory

梁亞文(Yia-Wun Liang) ； 陳文意(Wen-Yi Chen) ； 楊其璇(Asphodel Yang) ； 曾月霞(Yueh-Hsia Tseng) ； 張華蘋(Hua-Pin Chang) ； 林育秀(Yu-Hsiu Lin)

《榮總護理》 33卷3期 (2016/09) Pp. 238-248

https://doi.org/10.6142/VGHN.33.3.238

摘要

護理人力不足是全球普遍的問題，人力流失不僅造成招募和訓練的浪費、護理教育的耗損，也影響護理品質。本研究以社會認知生涯理論探討護生進入職場意向之影響因素，期望改善護理教育端之困境。本研究採橫斷性研究，以結構式量表透過分層叢集隨機抽樣，調查護生自我效能、結果預期及目標選擇，再以多層邏輯斯迴歸進行分析。研究發現父親教育程度高者、父親職業與醫療服務業相關者、就讀護理系原因為個人興趣者、家人支持學生從事護理工作者的大一護生，畢業後選擇進入護理職場的意向較高；父親教育程度高者、母親職業與醫療服務業相關者、家人支持學生從事護理工作者、選修最後一哩或臨床就業相關課程者、實習滿意度高者、及結果預期高者的大四護生畢業後，選擇進入護理職場的意向較高。建議護理課室教學應包含批判性思考和反思實踐，護理產、學界應建立夥伴關係，銜接護理教育與臨床實務，增強護生進入職場的意向。

關鍵字

護理學生 ； 自我效能 ； 結果預期 ； 職業選擇 ； 社會認知生涯理論

並列摘要

Nursing shortages exist worldwide. Such shortages lead to high costs in recruitment and retention and waste nursing education. The present study investigated factors affecting Taiwanese students' career choices in nursing based on social cognitive career theory. This was a cross-sectional prospective study that employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data through stratified cluster random sampling. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore factors affecting nursing students' career choices in nursing. Multilevel logistic regression showed that the father's education level, the father's occupation related to medical care services, the reasons for studying nursing, and family support were significantly associated with first-year nursing students' intention to choose nursing as a career. For fourth-year nursing students, the father's education level, the mother's occupation related to medical care services, family support, taking the＂ last mile＂ practicum course, satisfaction with nursing clinical practice, and outcome expectations were found to be significantly associated with fourth-year nursing students' intention to choose nursing as a career. Nursing educators should improve nursing education curricula according to facts, practical knowledge, and science. Nursing schools and industry should collaborate to bridge the gap between nursing education programs and clinical practice, for eventually promoting nursing students' satisfaction with clinical practice and intention to choose nursing as a career.

並列關鍵字

nursing student ； self-efficacy ； outcome expectation ； career choice ； social cognitive career theory

參考文獻

張麗春、顏婉娟、呂素英(2006)．員工充能模式於公共衛生護理之應用與省恩．護理雜誌，53 (2)，11-17。doi: 10.6224/JN.53.2.11

黃璉華(2004)．從護生到護士- 談新進護理人員的適應．護理雜誌，51 (4)，33-36。doi: 10.6224/JN.51.4.33

盧美秀(2004)．我國護理教育的現況與展望．護理雜誌，51 (4)，11-17。doi: 10.6224/JN.51.4.11

Aryee, A., Chay, Y. W., & Chew, J. (1994). An investigation of the predictors and outcomes of career commitment in three career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 44(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1994.1001

Başkale, H., & Serçekuş, P. (2015). Nursing as career choice: Perceptions of Turkish nursing students. Contemporary Nurse, 51(1), 5-15. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2015.1025469