國民黨政府勞動控制體制之探討：1949~1987年間歷史與結構的因素

1949年國民黨政府遷台後一連串的經濟發展政策，使台灣逐漸進入工業化社會。社會上勞動階級人數急速增加，惟眾多勞動者在工作職場上所遭受與勞動權益相關的勞動問題，並未能受到合理的對待。究其原因，與國民黨政府為鞏固在台之政權與其經濟發展之目的，藉戒嚴時期之非常命令以及黨政力量主控勞動者組織，並禁止勞動者以行使集體爭議權爭取勞動權益有關。本文歷史因素的探討，說明國民黨威權政治體制之建立，乃與台灣人畏懼威權心態的傾向與歷史的歷程有關。日治時期之政府行政與1947年發生的二•二八事件，同屬對台灣人普遍對於權威服從之性格有影響。結構因素的探討，說明國民黨政府在解嚴前（1987年）所實施之威權政治體制以及大力對台灣住民宣導中國傳統文化所塑型台灣勞動者之平和性格與政府之資本家角色並拉攏資本家之官商關係等，都是政府在工業關係結構中能成為主控者角色的因素。

關鍵字

勞動體制；工業關係；勞雇關係；勞資關係

並列摘要

This article describes and analyzes historical and structural factors associated with the labor-control carried out by Taiwan's KMT government in the period of the Martial Law. The roots of KMT's labor control goes back to the 50 years of Japanese occupation. To achieve political and economic objectives the Japanese government put in place a lot of laws and regulations during its years of control of Taiwan. The effect of Japanese administration was to make Taiwan's people accept authoritarianism. KMT's government had the same objectives. To maintain political stability and economic development a ”harmony” labor policy became the hallmark of KMT's labor policy. The mechanism of the KMT government to achieve these objectives was to foster close relationships with entrepreneurs, and establish procedures to keep Industry and Business Associations under its control. The government also became the powerful employer of public enterprises. In addition, the government educated the people to follow Confucian thought. Under KMT's controlled labor regime, trade unions basically became instruments of government policy. They did not have enough organization and power to negotiate employment conditions with their employer. Paying low wages was a key factor that helped Taiwan become one of the four new industrial countries (NICs).