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客語兒向語舒入聲調對比分析

A Contrastive Analysis of Checked and Non-checked Tones in Hakka Infant-Directed Speech

摘要


兒向語(infant-directed speech)是兒童語言習得早期最重要的語言輸入,然而兒向語舒入聲調對比的議題一直未獲相關文獻關注,因此本研究將透過客語對這個問題進行探討。本研究收集了六位客籍母親與嬰兒及實驗者的言語互動所發出的客語去聲調(舒)與陽入調(入)語音樣本,並利用PRAAT語音分析軟體進行基頻分析,包含均值(F0 mean)、輪廓(F0 contour)、斜率(F0 slope)及時長(F0 duration)。研究結果顯示,與成人語相比,兒向語聲調的基頻均值、基頻輪廓、基頻斜率及基頻時長均有顯著的擴張與延長。更重要的是,本研究發現兒向語中的舒入調分離現象,入聲調的基頻輪廓及基頻均值明顯高於舒聲調。本文認為這種語音現象與[p, t, k]韻尾在語流中因快速發音所形成的喉塞化有關。最後,本文進一步利用研究結果檢視「母嬰語音互動模式」的適切性。

關鍵字

客語 兒向語 聲調 入聲

並列摘要


This study contrasted checked and non-checked tones in Hakka infant-directed speech (IDS). Six mothers participated in speech recordings. Tonal samples were gathered from mothers' natural verbal interaction in connected speech with their infants and the experimenter, and were analyzed by PRAAT for fundamental frequency (F0). Results displayed that F0 mean, F0 contour, F0 slope and F0 duration were all phonetically expanded and lengthened in IDS, as compared with adult-directed speech (ADS). Most important of all, checked and non-checked tones in IDS displayed tonal separability, with checked tones higher in F0 contour and F0 mean than non-checked tones. It was further argued that such tonal separability resulted from glottalization phonetically reduced from the [p, t, k] codas in the rapid production of connected speech. Finally, this study examined the appropriateness of Mother-Infant Phonetic Interaction (MIPhI) Model in terms of current research results.

並列關鍵字

Hakka infant-directed speech tone checked tone

參考文獻


石鋒(1990)。語音學探微。北京:北京大學。
石鋒(2008)。語音格局─語音學與音系學的交匯點。北京:商務。
石鋒、冉歐斌、王萍(2010)。論語音格局。南開語言學刊。15,1-14。
朱曉農(2004)。基頻歸一化─如何處理聲調的隨機差異?。語言科學。2,3-19。
朱曉農(2004)。親密與高調。當代語言學。6(3),193-222。

被引用紀錄


鍾佳青 (2008). 客語類別詞語意研究 [master's thesis, National Taiwan Normal University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0804200910282211
翁杰(2017)。苗栗四縣客家話單字調之聲學探究〔碩士論文,國立聯合大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0048-1810201713391200

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