清代中晚期以來方東樹詩文著作的流傳及其影響

The Influence and Dissemination of Fang Dongshu's Thought and His Publications in the Mid and Late Qing Dynasty

王一樵(I-Chiao, Wang)

《思與言：人文與社會科學期刊》 59卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 107-151

摘要

本文試圖透過道、咸以來學術風氣的各種細微變化，討論方東樹的學術思想如何在晚清世局變化中，時有起伏，或為士子模仿效法，或為一時政治之風尚的特殊現象。論文主要分成三個層次討論方東樹的詩文著作，以及其在清代思想史上的意義。首先，相較於前人研究成果，本文試著由更宏觀的歷史脈絡，詳細分析方東樹的詩文著作、詩文觀點，以及其在思想上的各種面向，筆者試圖透過清代士人的記載，並配合《攷盤集文錄》與《儀衛軒文集》等相關史料文獻，討論方氏著作如何在晚清重新為世人所重視。其次，本文將討論方氏的重要著作《漢學商兑》如何透過不斷的重刊印行，進而在太平天國戰後的文化復興中扮演一定的角色。文末並進一步分析《漢學商兑》這本「針砭漢學」的著作如何在晚清成為守舊派官員與士人在抵抗西方事物與政治改革的重要思想資源。筆者試圖由方氏的詩文著作與時代的互動著手，進而觀察清代文人在與傳統對話中，運用傳統思想資源批判當下世風潮流，進而創造新傳統。新傳統又是如何在變局中不斷地被再次運用，並被賦予新的時代意義。

關鍵字

方東樹 ； 漢學 ； 《漢學商兌》 ； 太平天國 ； 理學

並列摘要

In this study, I discuss Fang Dongshu's (方東樹, 1772-1851) thought during the changing world of the Mid and Late Qing Dynasty. There were various changes and special phenomena in the intellectual world since the Daoguang and Xianfeng regimes in the Qing Dynasty. For example, Fang Dongshu's academic and literary works were imitated by literati, and finally became a special phenomenon of contemporary political trend in the Mid and Late Qing Dynasty. I have divided this essay into three parts to discuss the literary works of Fang Dongshu, as well as its significance in the history of the Qing Dynasty. In the first section of this essay, I will discuss and analyse Fang Dongshu's literary works and the many orientations of his thoughts. I will utilize the records compiled by literati during the Qing Dynasty, and not only with reference to the ＂Kao Pan Ji Wen Lu＂and＂ Yi Wei Xuan Collections＂in Fu Ssu Nien Library, the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, and other relevant historical documents and resources. Secondly, I will discuss how Fang's writings became highly favored and turned into a writing style that was imitated by literati in the Qing Dynasty. This essay also discusses how Fang Dongshu's important work, ＂Hanxue Shangdui＂ being continually reprinted by local literati, played an important role during the cultural renaissance after the Taiping Rebellion. Finally, this essay will analyse ＂Hanxue Shangdui＂, and find out how it became an important ideological resource for conservative officials and literati in their fight against western civilization and political reform during the late Qing Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Fang Dongshu ； Hanxue ； Hanxue Shangdui ； Taiping Rebellion ； Neo-Confucianism

參考文獻

（清）方宗誠（1971）。《柏堂遺書》。臺北：藝文。據志學堂家藏方宗誠撰本影印。

（清）方東樹（1868）。《儀衛軒文集》。臺北：中央研究院歷史語言研究所傅斯年圖書館藏同治七年（1868）刊本。

（清）方東樹（1977）。《漢學商兌》。臺北：廣文。據光緒乙丑年間朱氏藏版景印。

（清）方東樹（1985）。《昭昧詹言》。臺北：漢京。

（清）方東樹（2001）。《攷盤集文錄》收錄《續修四庫全書》，第 1497冊。上海：上海古籍。據華東師範大學圖書館藏清光緒二十年（1894）刻本景印。