歐盟引渡制度之新變革…以歐盟逮捕令為逮捕及解送之新制

Revolution in Extradition in the EU-The European Arrest Warrant and the Surrender Procedures within European Union Member States

柯慶忠(Ching-Chung Ke)

《東吳法律學報》 18卷3期 (2007/04) Pp. 123-188

https://doi.org/10.6416/SLR.200704.0123

摘要

為建構歐盟成為自由、安全及正義之地區，歐盟部長理事會於2002年6月13日通過「歐盟逮補令及解送程序架構協定」，廢除會員國之間的引渡，改由會員國之間的司法機關以解送制度取代，成為歐盟刑事法推動相互承認原則的第一部具體措施，經歐盟喻為司法合作之里程磚。
整部歐盟逮補令架構協定除了在程序面上改以解送取代引渡之外，實質面上包括相互承認原則、缺席判決、一事不再理原則、雙重犯罪原則及國民不引渡原則等也有改變。政治犯不引渡原則更已在新制度中消失。
歐盟逮補令架構協定雖可稱為國民不引渡原則的新突破，但實務上有兩件有關國民引渡(解送)問題的違憲案例值得討論，第一件是2005年4月27日波蘭憲法法院關於「荷蘭請求波蘭依歐盟逮補令解送波蘭國民Maria D.」案，第二件是2005年7月18日德國聯邦憲法法院關於「西班牙請求德國依歐盟逮補令解送敘利亞裔德國公民Mamoun Darkazanli」案。
按歐盟逮補令架構協定尚屬新的司法合作模式，本文擬就其發展的歷史背景、條文內容、幾項新思維及上述兩件實務案例進行探討，希望對於本世紀歐盟會員國之間的逮補及解送新制度有一認識與了解。

關鍵字

歐盟逮補令 ； 解送 ； 引渡 ； 相互承認原則 ； 缺席判決 ； 一事不再理原則 ； 雙重犯罪原則 ； 國民不引渡原則 ； 歐洲引渡公約 ； 德國基本法第16條

並列摘要

To become an area of freedom, security and justice, the Council of the European Union adopted, on 13 June 2002, the Council Framework Decision on the European Arrest Warrant and the Surrender Procedures between Member States (the EAW), which has led to abolishing extradition between member States and replacing it by a system of surrender between judicial authorities.
The EAW is the first concrete measure in the field of criminal law implementing the principle of mutual recognition, which the European Council referred to as the 'cornerstone' of judicial cooperation. The procedural change of the Framework Decision is the replacement of extradition by surrender. The substantive changes include the Principle of Mutual Recognition, Verdicts in Absentia, the Principle of Ne Bis in Idem, the Principle of Double Criminality, and the Principle of Non-Extradition of Nationals. Furthermore, the political offence exception has vanished in the EAW.
While the Framework Decision makes possible the extradition (now the surrender) of nationals, there are two relevant rulings that should be referred to: First, the Judgment of the Poland Constitutional Tribunal on April 27, 2005 concerning the Netherlands' request of surrender of Polish National Maria D., and second, the judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court on July 18, 2005 concerning the Spain's request of surrender of Mamoun Darkazanli, a German and Syrian national.
Since the EAW Framework Decision is a newly developed model of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, this article will focus on the historical developments, the introduction of the EAW articles, some paradigm shifts, and the typical rulings, hoping to have a better understanding and knowledge toward the new system of surrender within the Europe Union of the century.

並列關鍵字

European Arrest Warrant ； surrender ； extradition ； the Principle of Mutual Recognition ； Verdict in Absentia ； the Principle of Ne Bis in Idem ； the Principle of Double Criminality ； the Principle of Non Extraditi

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