非違反協定控訴於“與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定”可適用性之研究

WTO爭端解決程序所採取之非違反協定控訴，曾被學者認為係依據「外交官之法律觀」所創造出來之控訴制度。此控訴制度不僅在GATT時期具爭議性，在WTO爭端解決制度繼續沿用下，其爭議性更加明顯，特別將其適用在烏拉圭回合協商所創設的諸多新協定上。非違反協定控訴能否適用在與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定，即是此眾多爭論之一。然而，原生於貨品貿易協定，且為確保關稅互惠減讓之利益不被其他政府措施剝奪或減損（且無論此措施有無違反協定義務）的非違反協定控訴，能否順暢適用並解決TRIPS協定下爭端之問題，甚至無法在烏拉圭回合協商被解決，而在TRIPS協定第六十四條第二項暫停適用條款下，留待會員日後以協商解決，然此課題迄今仍未被完成。因此，本研究之目的在探討非違反協定控訴可否適用於TRIPS協定下爭端之問題，包括應否適用、適用所可能產生之衝擊以及假設應適用的話要採如何方式。本研究分五部份，除第一部分為前言導論外，第二部份對非違反協定控訴制度之原本制度設計目的、功能及實踐為分析後，進入目前WTO會員及學者關於TRIPS協定應否適用非違反協定控訴之正反意見匯整及提出模式予以分析。第三部份則對探討TRIPS協定之性質與特徵，以及TRIPS協定與GATT兩者間之差異所在。第四部份則探討非違反協定控訴假設適用於TRIPS協定爭端的話，實施上是否可能，以及將產生如何之衝擊與問題，並提出可能之調整方案，第五部分就本研究為結論。

關鍵字

非違反協定控訴； TRIPS協定；智慧財產權；公共衛生；強制授權；印度

並列摘要

The non-violation complaint which originated in the framework of multilateral trading system has invited many issues in the WTO. One of them is whether this unique complaint can function well in the system of the TRIPS Agreement which has obviously different normative features and nature from the GATT system. The Objectives of this article are to study the possibilities and dangers of the application of the non-violation complaint to the TRIPS Agreement, and to develop possible adjusting approaches. Apart from the introduction part, the second of this article is to survey on the nature, original functions and practices of the non-violation complaint, the third part of this article is to analyze the features and nature of the TRIPS Agreement and its differences with the GATT, the fourth part is to analyze if the non-violation complaints were to be applied in the TRIPS Agreement, what impacts would possibly happen, and if there are still any solutions for this issue, the fifth part comes to the conclusion.