血緣、家庭與子女利益－從德國立法之沿革探討我國民法上的婚生否認之訴

Blood Relationship, Family and Child Interests: A Discussion on the Disavowal of Legitimacy in Taiwanese Civil Law Based on the Development of Relevant Legislation in Germany

戴瑀如(Yu-Zu Tai)

《東吳法律學報》 20卷2期 (2008/10) Pp. 29-70

https://doi.org/10.6416/SLR.200810.0029

摘要

婚生否認制度本在追求親子關係中血統的真實正確，但是在與親屬法中的其他重要價值，亦即家庭的制度性保障以及子女最佳利益保護原則折衝之後，產生了種種不同的面貌，這尤其展現在訴權主體的變動上。本文中將對德國法以及我國法上婚生否認制度的沿革歷史以及現狀加以描述並且比較分析，而得到以下結論：我國立法者雖在大法官會議釋字第587號的指引下朝著實踐子女最佳利益的方向跨出一大步，除夫妻的訴權之外，加入了子女的訴權，但是在婚生否認制度的整體設計上，似乎仍無法確立該制度的核心價值為何，而可能使得改革功虧一簣，此尤其在仍保留民事訴訟法第590條之規定，明顯可見。反觀德國法上的演變，在聯邦憲法法院的引導下，立法者已經逐步接受以實質家庭取代形式家庭的法律價值判斷，並將其實踐於父子關係撤銷訴訟(Vaterschaftsanfechtungsklage)的法律修正上，而可能對親屬法的未來發展開創出一條新的道路，創造出婚姻家庭內涵多元化的空間，並更加確立以保護子女最佳利益思維作為現代親屬法的最高指導原則之地位。

關鍵字

父母子女關係 ； 婚生推定 ； 婚生否認之訴 ； 子女利益 ； 子女之血源獲知權

並列摘要

Disavowal of Legitimacy's system is primarily to ascertain the truthfulness and accuracy of his/her blood filiations. While facing the challenges on the family systematic protection and the best Interests of the child, the Important values of the Family and Succession Laws, It has a diversity of aspects, especially on the alternatives of the parties who may bring the action. This article aims to Introduce, compare, and analysis the evolution and present situations of the disavowal of legitimacy's systems In Germany and Taiwan. Several conclusions are as follows: Based on the direction of Judicial Yuan Number 587, Taiwan legislatures has made a big progress on the Implementation of the best Interests of the child by allowing the husband, wife, and the child to bring an action for disavowal; yet, without assuring the core of value of the disavowal of legitimacy, the reformation probably be in vain, apparently, on the keeping the present Article 590 of the Civil Procedure Act.
In contrast to the evolution of German law, German legislatures, upon the Instruction of the Federal Constitutional Court, progressively accept the value of substantive family, in stead of the formal family; and amend the「action of ascertain non-existence of the filiations」(Vaterschaftsanfechtungsklage); and probably create the alternative for the development of Family and Succession Laws and the diversity of the essence of the family and marriage, furthermore, ascertain the ”best interests of the child” as the primary concern of the contemporary Family and Succession Laws。

並列關鍵字

Parent-Child Relationship ； Presumption of Legitimacy ； Disavowal of Legitimacy ； Child Interests ； A child's Right to identify his/her blood filiations

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