論日本勞動組合法第7條第1款之不當勞動行為意思－從行政救濟與司法救濟分立的觀點出發

A study on the Intention of Unfair Labor Practices from First Clause of Article 7 of Labor Union Act in Japan-From the Perspective of Separation between Administrative Remedy and Judicial Remedy

張義德(I-Te Chang)

《東吳法律學報》 23卷3期 (2012/01) Pp. 41-78

https://doi.org/10.6416/SLR.201201.0042

摘要

立法院於最近幾年陸續通過了團體協約法、勞資爭議處理法與工會法（勞動三法）之修正草案並於去（2011）年5月同步施行。此次勞動三法修正的最大特色乃以美、日之立法例為參考對象所導入之「不當勞動行為制度」。而「不利益待遇」乃為在不當勞動行為中經常發生的類型，在判斷雇主的行為是否構成不利益待遇時，「不當勞動行為意思」之問題乃立於核心之地位並為重要的研究課題。日本以美國1935年的華格納法為藍本而於1949年的勞動組合法中導入不當勞動行為制度後，對於不當勞動行為意思之內容、雇主有不當勞動行為意思的同時也有可以將該不利益處分合理化的事由時之處理方式、當事人主觀的認識與客觀情事不一致之「誤信」時及因第三人之壓力而進行不利益處分時是否成立不當勞動行為、不當勞動行為意思的證明方式等五個問題在學說及實務上均累積了相當之成果，本文乃逐一分析與檢討。最後，將研究的焦點拉回我國，於分析實務目前對於不當勞動行為意思問題的處理方式後，就我國新勞動三法施行後對於此問題的解決參考日本之經驗提出若干之淺見，希望得作為未來裁決委員會成立後處理不當勞動行為事件之參考。

關鍵字

不當勞動行為 ； 不利益待遇 ； 不當勞動行為意思 ； 誤信 ； 處分理由之競合

並列摘要

Legislative Yuan passed the Revision of three major labor laws over the past few years: Collective Agreements Act, Settlement Of Labor Disputes Act and Labor Union Act. The revised laws have been put into practice in May, 2011. The most outstanding feature of the Revision is ”unfair labor practices”, which based on American and Japanese labor laws. Among unfair labor practices, disadvantageous treatment act is found most frequent. The intention of unfair labor practices is a major factor to judge whether an employer commits the act of disadvantageous treatment or not.After Labor Union Act (1949) in Japan was introduced unfair labor practices from National Labor Relations Act of 1935 in America, it has been accumulated plenty of achievements in both theoretical and practical aspects, including the following five major issues which will be discussed later in this article.(a) The definition of unfair labor practices(b) The way to deal with the employer who commits disadvantageous treatment withproper reason(c) Misbelief: Discoed of the understanding of the principal and the objective reality(d) If the disadvantageous treatment including the act done under the force of the thirdparty(e) The way to prove the intention of unfair labor practicesNext, let's shift the subject back to Taiwan. This article is going to analyze the cases related to unfair labor practices in Taiwan, based on Japanese experience mentioned above, apply the solution from the coming Revision to these cases. I hope this article will help the Labor Dispute Resolution Commission deal with the cases of unfair labor practices.

並列關鍵字

unfair labor practices ； disadvantageous treatment ； intention of unfair labor practices ； misbelieve ； mixed motives

參考文獻

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