日本核能安全管制之生成與演變

The Safety Regulation of Nuclear Energy in Japan: Its History, Development, and Changing Perspective

賴宇松(Yu-Sung Lai)

《東吳法律學報》 25卷2期 (2013/10) Pp. 87-124

摘要

於2011年3月11日以日本東北地方太平洋沿岸為中心發生引起重大災害之東日本大地震，同時也造成福島核能電廠事故。其後該等事故不僅對於世界各國之核能發電之運用產生重大衝擊外，更對於日本核能安全管制體系產生重大改變。本文於此等背景下，對於日本311福島事故前後日本核能安全管制體系之變革進行檢討。文中首先對於核能安全管制相關基本概念加以整理，其次則以311福島事故為分界點，分別對於該事故發生前後相關管制措施進行檢討。主要檢討面向為組織法之核能安全管制機構面向，以及伴隨該等機構所提出核管制法等作用法規範面向為細緻之整理。最後則對於我國核能安全管制現狀進行整理外，並藉期引介日本他山之石以提供我國核能安全管制體系未來興革之方向。

關鍵字

311福島事故 ； 核能風險 ； 核能安全 ； 獨立委員會

並列摘要

On March 11, 2011, the massive earthquake and tsunami struck north east coast of Japan, causing the incident of Fukushima Nuclear Plant. The incident not only changed how the world exploits nuclear energy, but entirely reformed the regulatory framework of nuclear security in Japan. Under such background, this paper intends to review the regulatory framework before and after the incident. This paper firstly introduces relevant concepts on regulation of nuclear security. Then it sets the 311 incident as a dividing point to compare the regulations beforehand and afterwards. The main angles in conducting such comparison of regulation are two-fold: the institutional aspect, relating to disposition of governmental organs to take charge of regulation; and functional aspect, relating to division of regulating authority among different governmental organs. Lastly, by sorting the current status of our own regulatory framework, and with reference to Japan's reform, this paper is in hope of providing guidance for our future reform in nuclear security.

並列關鍵字

311 Fukushima Incident ； Nuclear Risk ； Nuclear Security ； Independent Commission