影響外資企業在中國市場內銷比例之決定因素：自身學習效果與外溢效果

The Determinants of Domestic Sale Intensity in China by FIEs: Own Learning Effects and Spillover Effects

劉碧珍(Bih-Jane Liu) ； 康廷嶽(Ting-Yueh Kang)

《東吳經濟商學學報》 71期 (2010/12) Pp. 27-62

https://doi.org/10.29735/SJEB.201012.0002

摘要

中國經濟成長快速且潛在內需市場廣大，吸引外國投資企業積極開拓中國內銷市場。但中國在2000年之前嚴格限制外資企業的內銷比例，隨後數年雖逐漸開放，但仍存在諸多限制與障礙。本文探討影響外資企業內銷比例之決定因素，使用1999年至2006年間投資中國製造業的外資企業之追蹤資料進行分析。本文考慮動態追蹤資料模型，使用系統性一般動差法(System Generalized Method of Moment, System GMM)進行分析。研究結果發現，外資企業的自身學習效果(own learning effects)與內銷外溢效果(spillover effects)是重要影響因素，且具有邊際遞減的特性。此兩效果會受到所有權不同而有所差異，純外資企業的效果較強，而中外合資則較弱。此外，本文亦發現越早進入中國的外資企業，因具有先進者優勢而有較高的內銷比例。

關鍵字

內銷比例 ； 外資企業 ； 自身學習效果 ； 外溢效果 ； 系統性一般動差法

並列摘要

China has achieved rapid economic growth and attracted a large amount of foreign investment in the past two decades. Many foreign investment enterprises (FIEs) in China aspire to increase the domestic sale intensity because of vast potential domestic market. Before 2000, China had set strict limits on domestic sale intensity to FIEs, and there are still some barriers even the limits have been officially released. By using a panel data of manufacturing FIEs from 1999 to 2006, this paper investigates the determinants of domestic sale intensity in China. And this study is considered the dynamic panel data model of domestic sale decisions to apply System Generalized Method of Moment (System GMM) approach. We find the own learning effects and the spillover effects are both important determinants of domestic sale intensity, and diverse across different ownership forms. These two effects are more significant in the foreign wholly-owned than the Chinese-foreign joint venture. In addition, we also find the evidence of first-mover advantage in Chinese domestic market.

並列關鍵字

Domestic Sale Intensity ； Foreign Investment Enterprises ； Own Learning Effects ； Spillover Effects ； System GMM

參考文獻

香港貿易發展局(2009)。中國內銷指南。香港:香港貿易發展局。

中華經濟研究院(2009)。2009年對海外投資事業營運狀況調查分析報告。台北:經濟部。

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