日語否定前綴“不－”“無－”“非－”的構詞－語基在語意上的制約

本論文以日語否定前綴「不－」「無－」「非－」為研究對象，釐清這些否定前綴與何種語基結合是本論文的主要目的。研究與「不－」「無－」「非－」結合的語基性質的先行研究皆只有指出在品詞上有何區別。本論文由前綴與何種語基結合是由其意思所決定之觀點來分析，釐清了與「不－」「無－」「非－」結合的語基之條件。在本論文中，首先界定了「不－」「無－」「非－」的意思，之後將表動作性否定的「不－」與「無－」，表狀態否定的「不－」與「非－」，表概念否定的「非－」與「無－」互相比較，釐清了當各自的意思成立時其語基必須符合的條件。

關鍵字

不－；無－；非－；語基；條件

並列摘要

The aim of this paper is to clarify the constraints of the bases attached to the negative prefixes of Japanese ”hu-” ”mu-” ”hi-”. The preceding research about the bases of ”hu-” ”mu-” ”hi-” only considered the difference about the part of speech. This paper, by the point of view that which kind of the bases that the affix will attach is determined by the meaning of the affix, clarified the constrains of the bases of ”hu-” ”mu-” ”hi-”. First, it identifies the meaning of ”hu-” ”mu-” ”hi-”, and then comparing ”hu-” and ”mu-” which indicating the negation of the activity, ”hu-” and ”hi-” which indicating the negation of state, ”hi-” and ”mu-” which indicating the negation of concept, clarifying the constrains of the bases of those negative prefixes.