卡夫卡筆下的藝術家及其藝術觀：以短篇小說與微型小說為例

卡夫卡的寫作活動正是探測自我定位、活化存在感受、質疑生命意義的程序。積極投入晦暗的文學世界，正也反照出他面對藝術、身處俗世的無望與迷惘。本文試圖探索卡夫卡從事書寫藝術時所展現的藝術觀察與藝術體認。而此觀察與體認也可透過短篇小說及微型小說裡的藝術家角色與藝術活動得到印證。為「捨美求真」卡夫卡倡導負面美學觀。他獨有的書寫美學與價值觀似乎正是對傳統美學與價值觀的尋釁。也正因如此，若以傳統美學要求與價值期待過濾卡夫卡，自會滿腹狐疑，處處碰壁。循此而觀，他筆下的藝術家與藝術行為恰可反映傳統美學觀察與美學價值的缺失。

關鍵字

藝術家；美學；醜陋；真相；負面性

並列摘要

Kafka's writing activity mainly focuses on checking the position of his self as artist, vitalizing his existent feelings, and casting doubts on the significance of his life. While devoting his life to working on the dark side of his literary world, he reveals at the same time the depth of his hopelessness and despair regarding his artistic activity and his daily life.This article attempts to figure out Kafka's special artistic observation, and his concept of aesthetics which will be verified too in his short (short) stories by means of the artists and their artistic performances. While refusing the traditional aesthetics of beauty, Kafka aims at improving the negative aesthetics with the intention of finding out the ultimate truth. His typical aesthetics of writing and his system of values seem to protest against the traditional ones. For this reason, if the reader reads Kafka's works in view of traditional aesthetics and values, he will get confused and feel strongly opposed. By this means, the artists and their artistic behavior in Kafka's works can definitely reflect the problems of the traditional aesthetical observation and values.