紐約市婦女會對高等教育的看法―以1970年代紐約市立大學開放入學政策為例

Women's City Club of New York and the Open Admissions Policy of City University of New York

黃文齡(Wen-Ling Huang)

《臺灣師大歷史學報》 33期 (2005/06) Pp. 287-311

摘要

這篇論文主要是以紐約市立大學在1970年代進行的開放入學政策為例，探討紐約市婦女會對於高等教育所持的立場與觀點。婦女會是支持開放入學政策的。她們希望透過高等教育，協助處於社經不利地位的族群，獲得改善生活，提升社會地位的機會。在整個議題上，婦女會強調接受高等教育是權利，更是機會，社區學院則是機會的所在。雖然美國社會主流民意重視文憑，相信教育與社會流動之間的必然關係，但婦女會也務實的將高等教育中社區學院與四年制學院有所區分，希望在追求文憑之際，也能顧及勞力市場的需求、學習者本身的能力與既存的不公平現狀。權利是憲法賦予人民的權限，機會則是透過開放入學政策所創造出來的。對於個人而言，高等教育是提昇個人社會地位與改善生活的機會。對於紐約市的教育體系而言，開放入學政策點出高中教學不力的因素，提供整個教育體系反省的機會。對於紐約市而言，社區學院訓練足夠的人才，有助於帶動都市的進程，開放入學政策無疑提供了紐約市加速進步的機會。

關鍵字

紐約市婦女會 ； 開放入學政策 ； 高等教育 ； 社區學院

並列摘要

I will employ the case study of Open Admissions of City University of New York in the 1970s to discuss the points of view the Women's City Club of New York held toward the higher education system of the U.S.A. The Club supported the Open Admissions policy. They wanted to enhance and gave more opportunities for the disadvantaged groups by Open Admissions through the higher education system. The Club's viewpoints reflected the overwhelming majority Americans' thinking about university diploma. The Club separated higher education system into senior college and community college in order to give more consideration to market-oriented requirements. The Club insisted that other than the ”privileged”, it was the rights and opportunities for the citizens and the whole city in implementing this policy. The rights were stipulated in the Constitution; however, the opportunities were the creation of the Open Admissions Policy. To the disadvantaged groups, Open Admissions Policy was the best way to enhance the social status and to get a better life. It also offered the self-examination opportunities for the whole educational system. To New York City, it promoted the process of urbanization when more and more well-trained employees going into operation after graduating from community college.

並列關鍵字

Women's City Club of New York ； Higher Education ； Open Admissions ； Community College

參考文獻

黃文齡(2001)。1920年代民間婦女社團之研究－以紐約市婦女俱樂部為例。新史學。12(3)，47-104。

(1975).Calendar December.New York:City University of New York.

William H. Sewell,Robert M. Hauser.Causes and consequences of higher education: models of the status attainment process.American Sociological Review.35,1014-1027.

Sherry Gorelick.City College: Rise and Fall of Free Academy.Radical America.14(5),21-36.

Duane F. Alwin(1974).College Effects on Educational and Occupational Attainments.American Sociological Review.39,210-223.