臺灣水稻肥料三要素試驗報告

A Study on the Fertilizer Requirement of Rice in Taiwan

張守敬(S. C. Chang) ； 曾憲鼎(H. D. Tseng)

《中華農業研究》 4卷1期 (1953/03) Pp. 13-57

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.195303.0002

並列摘要

The study of fertilizer requirement of rice in Taiwan is both important for scientific interest and economic values. In 1949 and 1950, forty one N. P. K fertilizer experiments of rice in 2x2x2 design were made on three main groups of agricultural soils of Taiwan at fifteen localities.
The lateritic soils are mostly rich in iron and aluminum and with pH values generally below 5.0. The sandstone and shale alluveal soils are generally acid, with the pH values above 5.0. The slate alluvial soils are from slight acid to neutral in reaction due to the different age of sedimentation, and with the calcium as the dominant constituent since they are drived from calcarious rocks.
The fertilizer levels employed in the experiments are o and 80 kilograms per hactare of elements. The eight treatments are randomized in four replicated blocks. The yields of straw and seed in all the experiments are analized statistically to study the main effect of each element and their interactions. The results are summarized in the following two tables. (on the next pages) The following facts are evidently shown in the tables: Rice responds to nitrogen in all the experiments on all the soil groups. The increase of the yield of rice seeds due to 80 kilograms per hectare of nitrogen is 802 on average for first crop and 35% on average for the second crop. For the first crop the increase varies from 105% on the slate alluvial soils to 59% on the Iateritjc soils. For the second crop the variation among soil groups is very small. Response of rice to the addition of phosphorous occurs only very occasionally on lateritic soils and slate alluvial soils, and not at all on the sandstone and shale alluvial soils. Taken the results of forty one ecperiments as a whole, the average % increase of rice seed due to the application of 80 kilograms per hectare of. phosphoric anhydride is only 5% for the first crop and 1% for the second crop.
Response of rice to the addition of potash is much more popular than phosphorous. In the first crop, the rice responds to potash in one third of the experiments, and for the second crop, there are over half of the experiments responding to potash. The responses are shown mostly on the acid sandstone and shals alluvial soils and least on the slate alluvial soils. The increase of seed is 4% for the first crop and 9% for the second crop. On the sandstone and shale alluvial soils, an increase attaining as much as 13% in the second crop was found. (The form abridges)
No significant effect of interactions was manifested in the experiments.
Although the experiments are not many enough to draw any conclusive statement, yet to study the experiments collectively, the following facts are evident:
In Taiwan, the rice responds to the nitrogen fertilizers popularly and effectively. The tendency is more apparent for the first crop and on the fertile soil.
Most Taiwan soils under the present system of manuring condition are not defficient in phosphorous. The defficiency, if any, occurs only very occasionally on the lateritic soils which are acid and rich in sesquioxide and shale alluvial soils which are less acid and dominant in calcium constituent.
The defficiency of potash are considerably popular in Taiwan, particularly for the second crop and on the acid alluvial and lateritic soils.