瓜實蠅防治試驗報告

Studies on Melon Fly Control

陳貴華(K.H. Chen)

《中華農業研究》 9卷1期 (1960/03) Pp. 43-51

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196003.0005

摘要

1．瓜實蠅爲胡蘆科蔬菜之重要害蟲，在臺灣之被害作物有胡瓜、越瓜、絲瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、南瓜、冬瓜、苦瓜、扁蒲等，尤以胡瓜越瓜及絲瓜之被害嚴重，本文次乃應用數種新藥所作之防治試驗結果。
2．馬拉松25%可濕性粉劑400倍及600倍液對幼小胡風有輕微藥害，800倍液則甚爲安全，但400倍液對大株無藥害。
3．第一次試驗以誘引劑水解性蛋白質(Protein hydrolysate)800倍加殺蟲劑25%馬拉松粉(25% Malathion W.P.)400倍及甲基丁香油(Methyl eugenol)加Dipterex二種藥劑，分誘殺，保護法及隨機噴射之三種不同處理比較防治效果，結果以水解性蛋白質加馬拉松隨機噴藥法防治效果最優，保護法及誘殺法均不理想，噴藥期則爲7日一次者爲優。
4．甲基丁香油對瓜實蠅無誘引效果，但對果賓蠅之雄蟲誘引力極強。
5．防治瓜實蠅50%地特靈可濕性(50% Dieldrin W.P.)較馬拉松爲優，馬拉松具有速效性，但效力持久性極短，地特靈之效力稍遲，但可維持較久之期間，馬拉松各處理中，以五日噴藥一次區最優，但地特靈20日區尚有過之，惟因其殘效力長，故不宜用於蔬菜上，但可施用於土中，以防治瓜實蠅幼蟲之化蛹及羽化。
6．瓜實蠅之發生與氣溫之關係至大，冬季栽培胡瓜時瓜實蠅較少，爲用馬拉松防治可以7至10日施藥一次，若於夏季可以5日一次均可圓滿防治瓜實蠅之爲害。
7．以產量測定防治效果具有莫大之差異，馬拉州區每10公畝有3,464公斤，對照區僅有1,319公斤，故防治區產量較對照區相差有2.6倍之多。又馬拉松區健果爲89.14%，對照區僅有27.08%，故防治區較對照區相差高達3.2倍。
8．防治瓜實蠅仍有極大之經儕價值，卽防治區每10公畝收益（淨利）有3,066.8元，而對照區僅有694.2元，相差4.6倍之多。

並列摘要

1. Melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coq. is a serious vegetable insect of the family Cucurbitae. Its hosts contains cucumber, oriental pickling melon, ray gourd, melon, water melon, pumpkin, wax gourd, balsam pear. Among them, the infestetion of cucumber, oriental pickling melon and ray gourd are the most favourable. The following results are the report of using some chemicals against this pest.
2. 400 and 600 dilution of malathion 20% w. p. had been tested on young cucumber foliage it showed some scorch but 800 dilution was the safest to the young foliage and 400 dilution being very safe to the old one.
3. In the first experiment 800 dilution of protein hydrolysate plus 400 dilution of malathion 25% w. p. and methyl eugenol plus dipterex used as attractant, guard spray and randomized spray separately. The results showed that guard spray was much better than remaining two treatments and 7 day intervals was he best of getting sound fruits and high yield.
4. Methyl eugenol showed as not an attractant for melon fly but it was an outstanding attractant of fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel.
5. For controlling melon fly dieldrin 50% w. p. seemed to be better than malathion 50% w. p. but malathion had a quick killing activity but lacked of long residue effect. Killing action treatments 5 day intervals application was the best but 20 day intervals of dieldrin application seemed not so inferior. However, its residue was too long therefore it could not be used on vegetable, but it could be used as soil treatment to prevention of maggot pupation and emergence.
6. Seasonal infestation of melon fly and temperature showed having much interrelation. Melon fly infestation of winter crop of cucumber was not so heavy, 7 or 10 day intervals application was enough but in summer crop it had to be shortened to 5 day intervals application both of them getting the complete control.
7. According to the yield test had a significant differences among different treatments. Malathion 10 day intervals application had 3464 kg, but in check 1,319 kg only. So far as the control treatment was 2.6 times of yield increased than the check. The sound fruit of malathion treatment was 89.14% and 27.08% only in the check, in other words, 3.2 times of sound fruits increased as compared with the check.
8. It had a tremendous economic value of melon fly control, the profit of one tenth hectare had N. T. $ 3,066.8 in treatments and 694.2 in the check as well as in differences 4.6 times of profit in controls.