臺灣粘板岩質冲積土有效性磷與水稻生長效應之相關研究（第一報）

A Study on the Correlation between Availablb Phosphorus of Slate Alluvial Soils and Response of Rice (Part 1)

曾憲鼎(H. D. Tseng) ； 王接皇(C. H. Wang)

《中華農業研究》 13卷2期 (1964/06) Pp. 20-26

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196406.0003

摘要

一、爲研究臺灣粘板岩質冲積土有效性磷量與水稻生長效應之相關，在臺灣十七個地區採取之粘板岩質冲積土之稻田土壤於溫室中進行水稻盆栽試驗。
二、盆栽試驗之處理分爲NPK及NK，每處理重複三次，每盆N，P2O5及K2O之施用量按照處理各爲120公斤／公頃。
三、採用五種方法以測定土壤之有效性磷量，即(1)0.1N NaOH抽出法，(2)Olsen氏之0.5M NaHCO3法，(3)Bray氏之0.025N HCl及0.03N NH4F法，(4)Bray氏之0.1N HCl及0.03N NH4F法，及(5)Mehlich氏之0.05N HCl及0.025N H2SO4法。
四、五種方法測定之土壤有效性磷量與稻谷產量百分率之相關，其中有三種方法達於相關顯著之標準，三種方法中以Olsen氏方法最優，Bray氏第一法次之，0.1N NaOH法略差。
五、五種方法測定之土壤有效性磷量與水稻磷酸吸收量之相關，其中有四種方法達於相關顯著之標準，其中以Olsen氏方法最優，0.1N NaOH法次之，而Mehlich氏方法顯然不適合作爲測定臺灣粘板岩質冲積土稻田土壤有效磷用。
六、根據初步研究結果對臺灣粘板岩質稻田土壤可採用Olsen氏方法或Bray氏第一法以測定土壤之有效性磷，如按二法所測定土壤之有效性磷(P)量均在10ppm以下時，施用磷肥對水稻可獲得增產效果。

並列摘要

1. A pot culture experiment was conducted in greenhouse for the study on the correlation between available phosphorus of slate alluvial soils and response of rice. The soils used in the experiment were collected from the slate alluvial soils at seventeen different localities in Taiwan.
2. Two treaments, NPK and NK, were used in the experiment and three replications for each treatment. The rates of application were 120-120-120kg/ha and 120-0-120kg/ha of N-P2O5-K2O. Ammoninm sulphate, Calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride were used as carriers of N, P and K.
3. Five methods were used to determine the available soil phosphorus, namely, (1) 0.1N NaOH extraction method, (2) Olsen's 0.5M NaHCO3 extraction method, (3) Bray's 0.025N HCl and 0.03N NH4F mixture extraction method, (4) Bray's 0.1N HCl and 0.03N NH4F method, and (5) Mehlich's 0.05N HCl and 0.025N H2SO4 mixture extraction method.
4. The response of the yield of rice to phosphatic fertilizer was found significantly correlated with the available soil phosphorus determined by either of the three methods, out of which Olsen's method is the best, Bray's No. 1 method the next, and 0.1N NaOH method the least.
5. The correlation between the available soil phosphorus determined by the five methods and the absorption of phosphorus (P2O5) of rice was found significant for four methods, out of which Olsen's method is the best and 0.1N NaOH method is the next. Mehlich's method is obviously unsuitable for the determination of available soil phosphorus of slate alluvial soils in Taiwan.
6. Based on the result of preliminary study, Olsen's method or bray's No. 1 method may be used to determine the available soil phosphorus of the paddy of slate alluvial soils in Taiwan. As the avalable soil phosphorus (P) below 10ppm, the response of rice to phosphate was found.