幾種土壤團粒促成劑影響土壤冲蝕性之研究

The Effects of Some Aggregate Stabilizers on Erodibility of the Soils

王新傳(S. T. Wang) ； 林登鴻(T. H. Lin)

《中華農業研究》 16卷4期 (1967/12) Pp. 15-26

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196712.0003

摘要

爲探究Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)，有機物（魯水粉）與石灰(CaCO3)之施用，對土壤仲蝕性之影響，將不同質地之坡地土壤，即砂質壤土，壤土及點土各加不同量之PVA（0.1%,0.2%及0.4%），風乾魯永粉（0.2%,0.4%及0.6%）及純碳酸鈣（石灰需要量之1/3，1/2及全量）測各處理土壤之分散率，團粒安定度及水分滲透率，其結果爲：
(l) 對土壤分散率之影響： PVA 及有機物之加用，均有減低土壤分散率之效果，其效果隨施用量之增加而有增加的現象，尤以施用於砂質壤土效果最顯著。PVA 之效果遠大於有機物，石灰施用即無顯著影響。
(2) 對土壤團粒安定度之影響：PVA，有機物及石灰對各種土壤均有提高安定度之效果，惟有機物及石灰之效果相差無發，但遠不及PVA之效果。PVA之效果，在砂質壤土最顯著。
(3) 對水分傳導度之影響：PVA之施用隨其施用量之增加而增加各種土壤之水分傳導度，並且其效果頗顯著。有機物施用之效果因質地之不同而有異，對粘土與壤土其層加效果隨施。

並列摘要

Upland soils of different textures, sandy loam, loam and clay, were treated with different amounts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA:0.1%,0.2% and 0.4%), organic matter (air dried lupine powder: 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) and lime (pure CaCO3: 1/3, 1/2 and total of lime requirements of the soils). The results of laboratory study on their effects on dispersion ratio, aggregate stability and initial hydraulic conductivity of the soils indicated that:
(1) Dispersion ratios of the soils were greatly decreased by the applications of PVA and organic matter, although the effect of PVA was by far more efficient than that of organic matter. The greater effects of the both were found in sandy loam soils. The application of CaCO3 did not affect dispersion ratios of the soils appreciably.
(2) Aggregate stabilities of the soils were increased by the applications of PVA, organic matter and lime, and the effects were increased with increase of the amounts applied. The effect of organic matter was almost equal to that of lime, whereas the effect of PVA was highest. The effect of PVA was found much effective in sandy loam soils.
(3) The initial hydraulic conductivities of the soils were increased dramatically by the application of PVA and the effect was increased with increase of the amounts applied. The effects of organic matter and CaCO3 were varied depending on the textures of the soils. The initial conductivities of clay soils were greatly increased by the application of organic matter, whereas those of loam soils were slightly increased. The initial conductivities of sandy loam soils were decreased by the applications of organic matter with any amount. The application of CaCO3, less than the amount of lime requirements of the soils, increased the initial hydraulic conductivities of clay and loam soils slightly, although CaCO3 application of total amount of lime requirement increased those of clay soils greatly. The conductivities of sandy loam soils were little affected by CaCO3 application.
As a conclusion based on the results above, PVA is regarded as the most effective in increasing soil's resistance to erosion, organic matter is less and CaCO3 is not effective.