肥料對水稻主要病害發生之關係

Studies on the Effect of Fertilizers to Rice Diseases

簡錦忠(C. C. Chien) ； 朱啓魯(C. L. Chu)

《中華農業研究》 19卷2期 (1970/06) Pp. 62-71

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197006.0007

摘要

本試驗係爲肥料種類及施用量不同，對稻作主要病害發生之影響，並且於本所田間舉行，茲將所得結果簡述如下：
本年度春季氣候寒冷，第一期作插秧期較往年延遲，而且稻生育期間氣侯順調，另第二期作受前期作之影響其插秧期亦較遲，故第二期作水稻生育後期氣候較冷，因此兩期作的各種病害發生均爲輕微。稻熱病未見其發生，較爲嚴重者僅爲稻紋枯病，而氮肥施用量增多（2倍或3借量），易受該病及葉鞘腐敗病，小粒菌核病之加害，胡麻葉枯病之發生則反之，即缺氮肥區之發病率較高，但臺南1號（蓬萊稻）比臺中在來1號（在來稻）較易受侵害。葉鞘腐敗病則臺中在來1號比臺南1號爲嚴重。紋枯病在兩品種間之差異不大。增加鉀肥可減輕小粒菌核病之爲害程度。
產量方面增施鉀肥之效果，第二期作比第一期作較爲顯著，增施氮肥（3借量）之產量最差。稻穀1,000粒重量以無施肥(000)區最重，而增施氮肥區最輕。

並列摘要

This report deals with the effect of different kinds and various rate of fertilizers to the occurrence of main diseases of rice plant. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
Rice blast did not occur in the plot but the rice tolerated to the Sheath blight severely. It will be susceptible to both sclerotial disease and sheath rot in proportion to the increase rate of fertilizer applied. (2 to 3 time). But it is contrary to brown leaf spot, the disease will be heavier if a relatively low N-fertilizer is applied.
Increase in K-fertilizer may decrease the occurence of Stem rot. As to the effect of increase in yield, K-fertilizer used in the second crop is more obvious than in the first crop, the lowest yield is obtained in the heavy N-fertilizer plot. The weight of 1,000 grains is heavier in Non-fertilizer than in heavy N-fertilizer plot.