本省主要水稻品種之肥料效應及肥料吸收率之研究

Study on Fertilizer Response and Fertilizer Absorption Rate of Main Rice Varieties in Taiwan

邱再發(T. F. Chiu)

《中華農業研究》 20卷1期 (1971/03) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197103.0001

摘要

（一）本研究使用五個水稻品種，六個肥料處理，以裂區試驗設計，在北部三處試驗地繼續進行三期作之試驗。變方分析結果顯示9次試驗（3處×3期）中，品種之谷產量差異達到1%顯著標準者9次，肥料處理達到1%顯著標準者6次，達到5%顯著標準者1次。
（二）平均稻谷產量臺南5號最高4.42公噸／公頃，新竹56號次之4.22公噸／公頃，第三爲臺中65號4.17公噸／公頃，第四爲臺中秈2號4.09公噸／公頃，第五爲矮腳尖4.02公噸／公頃。
若以期作個別比較時，57年二期及58年二期谷產量即有上述順序之外，58年一期秈稻比稉稻佳，產量順序爲臺中秈2號＞矮腳尖＞臺南5號＞臺中65號＞新竹56號。若以土壤比較時，在桃園臺中65號之產量最佳而各期作都相當穩定，宜蘭及樹林仍以臺南5號爲最佳。
（三）氮肥有顯著的稻谷產量效果以外，磷鉀肥在本試驗地土壤均無增產效果。氮肥之稻谷增產率宜蘭51%，桃園20%，樹林最低僅4%，第二期作稉稻增產率比秈稻爲高，第一期作反而秈稻比稉稻爲高，平均氮肥增產率爲22%。
（四）秈稻之三要素濃度及三要素吸收量比稉稻者大，肥料處理可影響水稻三要素吸收量之外，土壤之影響更大。在同一種土壤稻谷產量與三要素吸收量有密切的正相關關係。
（五）水稻之平均氮肥吸收率爲25.5%，磷肥吸收率爲－2.3%，鉀肥吸收率爲9.5%，可知水稻所吸收之全部磷素均由土壤中吸收，並不吸收肥料中磷素。水稻之每期作三要素吸收量N-P2O5-K2O爲82-39-125公斤／公頃，另換算每生產稻谷1,000公斤時水稻所吸收三要素N-P2O5-K2O爲18-8-27公斤。
（六）矽酸鈣之施用，依不同土壤其增產效果有異之外，品種間亦有差異。在桃園土壤（增產7%）比在宜蘭及樹林（增產各4%）之效果大。品種間之增產率臺中65號(7%)，新竹56號(8%)，臺南5號(2%)，矮腳尖(1%)臺中秈2號(6%)平均5%。矽酸鈣之施用稍有減低水稻氣含量，水稻之矽酸含量愈低，矽酸鈣之效果愈大。

並列摘要

Three japonica and two indica varieties of Taiwan were compared with regard to their response to and absorption of NPK and Si. Field experiments laying out in split plot design with five varieties and six fertilizer treatments were carried out three crops at three localities.
1) The mean grain yields of varieties are as follows: Tainan 5 (japonica) 4.42 ton/ha, Hsinchu 56 (japonica) 4.22 ton/ha, Taichung 65 (japonica) 4.17 ton/ha, Taichung Shen 2 (indica) 4.09 ton/ha, Aichiawchien (indica) 4.02 ton/ha.
Concerning the yields of varieties in each crop season, in the second crops of 1968 and 1969 the same order of the yield as above-mentioned was observed, while in the first crop of 1969, the magnitude of yield is as the following order: Taichung Shen 2＞Aichiawchien＞Tainan 5＞Taichung 65＞Hsinchu 56. The two indica rice produced higher yield than japonica rice did in the first crop.
Concerning the yields at each locality, the highest yield variety was Taichung 65 at Taoyuan latosol and Tainan 5 both at Ilan slate alluvial soil and Sulin sandstone shale alluvial soil.
2) Significant response to N fertilizer and no response to P and K fertilizers were found in the experiments. Percent yield of N fertilizer was 51% at Ilan, 20% at Taoyuan, and 4% at Sulin. The japonica rice showed better response to N in the second crop while the indica rice showed better response to N in the first crop. The mean percent yield of N was 22%.
3) The NPK contents and absorption of the plants varied with varieties, fertilizer treatments, and localities. The indica rice absorbed more NPK than the japonica rice did. The soil effect much more greatly than the fertilizer treatment on NPK absorption. The yields were closely correlated with NPK absorption under the same soil condition.
4) The mean absorption rate of N fertilizer was 25.5% and those of P fertilizer and K fertilizer were-2.3% and 9.5% respectively. All of P absorbed by the plants presumably came from soil P and not from fertilizer P. The mean amounts of N-P2O5-K2O absorbed by rice for one crop were 82-39-125 kg/ha. The amounts of N-P2O5-K2O removal by rice in terms of the value per 1000 kg of grain yield were 18-8-27 kg.
5) Crop response to silicate slag depended on localities and varieties. 7% of yield increment by silicate slag application was obtained at Taoyuan and 4% each at Ilan and Sulin. The percent yield of the five varieties by silicate slag application are as follows: Hsinchu 56 (8%), Taichung 65 (7%), Taichung Shen 2 (6%), Tainan 5 (2%), Aichiawchien (1%). Silicate slag application decreased N content of the plants. It was observed that the plants with lower silica content showed higher response to silicate slag.