苗栗以北地區水田土壤肥力測定結果之研究

Study on the Results of Experiments on Fertility of Paddy Soils in Regions North of Miaoli in Taiwan

陳春泉(Chun-Chuan Chen)

《中華農業研究》 20卷1期 (1971/03) Pp. 21-39

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197103.0002

摘要

1.民國55~57三年(1965~68)間在苗栗至臺北，試驗地點有109處，依地區及土壤性質分別統計，分析164種相關係數。
2.土壤以Bray's No.1法速測有效磷，Mehlich's法速測有效鉀，磷鉀與水稻產量百分率之相關，均達顯著標準。
3.紅壤母質冲積土磷之相關比砂頁岩冲積土爲佳。
4.紅黃壤新水田磷之相關較其舊水田爲佳。
5.砂質冲積土，磷鉀相關較易獲致。
6.紅壤中壢系磷及鉀，相關較黃壤後湖系爲佳。
7.以簡單直線相關方程式中之y爲100，減去a，除以b，則得土壤有效磷或鉀之「充分值」係指此時土壤所含有效磷或鉀，已足供作物吸收。
8.上項磷或鉀之充分值，作爲除數，假定最高施肥量爲72kg/ha，作爲被除數，則得「肥料當量」值，此值乘以土壤有效要素量，以此量去減72，則得土壤此時所需要之P2O5或K2O之用量。由此法所得施肥建議量，當能符合實際需要。
9.冲積土、紅黃壤及紅黃壤新水田三者，磷之臨界值，充分值及建議施肥量，互不相同。
10.紅黃壤新水田，紅黃壤及冲積土順序磷肥效果漸降。
11.鉀之相關較磷爲不易獲致。
12.氣候及病蟲害對相關試驗之影響至大，爲值得重視之問題。

並列摘要

1. The experiments were carried out in 1966-1968 in regions north of Miaoli in Taiwan province where soils are strongly acid. The experimental data of 109 locations were collected and soil profiles were examined, and calculation of correlation coefficient were made according to year, crop seasons, regions, soil groups and subgroups due to different soil characteristics and percent yield response of rice.
2. Soil analyses were made by the methods: Bray's No.1 for available phosphorous. Mehlichic method for available potassium. These available nutrients are possitively correlated with percent yield response of rice.
3. Correlation of available phosphorous to percent yield response of rice is better for alluvial of red soil material than that for alluvial of sandstone and shale material.
4. Better correlation between available phosphorous and percent yield response of rice would be expected for new paddy from Dilluvium than that for old paddy from the same origin.
5. Experiment on sandy alluvial soil result in significant correlation between available phosphorus for potassium and yield percent response of rice.
6. Correlation between available potassium and percent yield response of rice is better for Red Earth Chungli series than that for Yellow Earth Houhu series both of which were derived from Dilluvium.
7. It is supposed that in the equation of simple linear correlation, take Y as 100 and (100-a)÷b will be the ”sufficient value” of available phosphorous or potassium for the growth of rice on particular soil. It means that at this point no fertilizer is required.
8. Through hundreds of experiments, primary supposition is made that 72 kalogranrs per hectare of K2O or P2O5 would be sufficient for least available P or K of common soil in Taiwan, and 150 kalograms per hectare of P2O5, is required for new paddy field made from Dilluvium. Then, the 72 or 150 divided by ”sufficient value” mantioned above equals to kalograms of K2O or P2O5 fertilizer per kalogram of available K2O or P2O5 in the soil to be called ”fertilizer equivalence”, then, 72(or 150)-fertilizer equivalence × available K2O or P2O5(kg/ha)will be the recommended amounts of fertilizer (kg/ha) of K2O or P2O5 for examined soil. Of course the value 72 and 150 will be subjected to revision by more thorough experiments.
9. Critical value, and sufficient value of available P2O5 or K2O and recommended fertilizer are different among alluvial soils, Red (or Yellow) Earth and new paddy of the latter soils.
10. The effect of phosphorous fertilizer on rice for soils is in the decreasing order as: new paddy of Red (or Yellow) Earth＞Red (or Yellow) Earth＞alluvial soils.
11. Correlation coefficient is lower for potassium than for phosphorous in the soils studied by the methods adopted.
12. Climate, insects and pests are important factors for correlation coefficient study in the field especially in the subtropical area.