抗黑尾葉蟬及褐飛蝨水稻品種田間觀察

Field Reactions of Rice Varieties Screened for Their Resistance to Nilaparvata Lugens and Nephotettix Cincticeps in Insectary

周文德(W. D. Chou) ； 鄭清煥(C. H. Cheng)

《中華農業研究》 20卷2期 (1971/06) Pp. 68-75

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197106.0008

摘要

本試驗之目的，在於核察經室內選出之抗褐飛蝨及黑尾葉蟬水稻品種在田間自然狀態下對上述兩種害蟲之抵抗性狀。抗蟲品種，尤其是國外引入品種，在本省自然環境之適應性和其農藝性狀，以及對一般病蟲害之感受性一併觀察，俾供育種取材之參考。試驗結果可歸納爲如下數點：
1．經室內以盤栽秧苗，人工接種方法檢定選出之抗褐飛蝨品種（系），在田間亦顯示其高度之抵抗性。當褐飛蝨棲羣密度隨水稻感蟲品種生長成熟而迅速增高時，在抗蟲品種（系）之棲羣密度則呈緩慢之增進或一直保持很低，因而抗蟲品種（系）在感蟲品種受害極嚴重或枯萎時，其受害程度仍很輕微。此種結果顯示水稻對褐飛蝨爲害之感受情形，秧苗期與成熟期大體一致。
2．黑尾葉蟬善於飛躍，而發生密度很低，因小區面積過於狹小，影響調查準確性，其結果是否如褐飛蝨同樣明顯，有待證實。
3．由國外引入之抗蟲品種一般植株較高，容易倒伏，其生育期因品種對日照長短之反應，差異很大，如Mudgo，ASD7，…………及DM27等品種之抽穗期與臺中在來1號相同，但如Ptb 19，Ptb 21，Balamawee及Peta等品種則較一般品種長約30至40天左右。引入品種除少數外，大部份品種米粒呈紅色，米質較差。但其稻穗則大部顯較本省者爲長而且重。
4．除褐飛蝨外，其他病蟲害發生密度很低。所有供試品種早期均遭稻黑稈蠅輕微的爲害，中後期則大部遭受胡麻葉枯病及紋枯病侵害，其中受紋枯病爲害較重之品種有IR 1154，DK 1，臺南5號、DNJ 27及高雄136等。
5．本分所以臺中在來1號×(C230xMudgo)雜交後代之某些系統如C-59-2-5，C-59-26及C-59-2-4等，在本試驗中亦顯示其抗蟲優越特性，且其植株性狀矮小叢生，爲極具希望發展爲抗蟲豐產之水稻品種。

並列摘要

Fifty rice varieties (or lines) known their reactions to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) or rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps) from insectary tests were determined for their reactions in field conditions from August to December 1970. The adaptability of exotic resistant varieties to the cultivatied conditions of this island, agronomic characterestics and the reactions of tested rice plants to the other insect and disease pests were also observed in this test. Some essential results are summarized as follows:
1. The rice varieties (or lines) screened for their resistance to brown planthopper in the insectary with tray-planting, artificial infestation method generally were also shown their outstanding resistant characterestics in the field conditions, While the density of brown planthopper population were rapid increase with the maturity of rice plant of susceptible varieties it either remained very low or increased very slow in the rice plant of resistant ones (Table 1.). As the result of that state, there were no visible damage or barely noticeable symptoms of damage in the rice plant of resistant varieties when the susceptible varieties were heavily damaged or hopperburned. However, some classified as susceptible varieties in the insectary test, such as peta, Lung-yu and C-59-2-4, were damaged moderately in the field conditions. It might reveal that the plant of those varieties had certain degree of tolerance to the insect attack or the susceptibility of those varieties in seedling stage were different from that in the matural stage. The reactions of tested varieties to the rice green leafhopper were not noticeable because of the population of the species was very low during the observation period.
2. With a few exception, the majority of exotic rice varieties tested had more panicle numbers, loager culm, longer and weightier grain panicle and later maturity (longer vegetative growth phase) than the local varieties, and the colour of kernel of these varieties were red. Although none of these exotic varieties tested could be recommended for commercial planting in Taiwan because of either for their photosensitive character, low yield ability or poor quality, however, there were many desirable characters could be introduced into Taiwanese varieties through hybridization breeding, such as panicle numbers, length and weight of panicles and especially on their hoppers resistant characters.
3. During observation period, except brown pranthopper, the insect pests population were low and the damage on each tested varieties were not different remarkably. However, the plants generally infested by brownspot (Cochlioblous miyabeanus) and sheath blight (Corticium sasakii) diseases in later stage. The damage of brown spot disease on tested varieties were not different remarkably, but some varieties, such as IR 1154, DK 1, DNJ 27, Tainan 5 and Kaoshiung 136 etc. were infested with sheath blight severely.
4. Among 10 hybrid lines selected from T(N)1X (C230 X Mudgo) observed in this tests, C-59-2-5, C-59-2-6 and C-59-2-4 exhabited their outstanding characteristics in resistance to brown planthopper as their parent variety, mudgo. Besides, these hybrid lines had desirable plant type short stature, stiff straw, short and upright leaves. The yield-potencial of these promissing lines are now under observation in this Station.