鳳梨單行密植之探討

A Single Row Field Experiment on Pineapple

張清勤(C. C. Chang) ； 郭振坤(C. K. Kuo)

《中華農業研究》 20卷3期 (1971/09) Pp. 66-74

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197109.0008

摘要

（一）本試驗自民國56年秋季開始，目的在明瞭鳳梨採用單行密植時對平均果重與產量之影響，以爲改進鳳梨栽培之依據。
（二）參加試驗品系有正常開英與三菱系二種。栽植密度單行者行距固定90cm，株距分15cm、20cm、25cm三變級，另設畦距100cm，行距50cm,，株距30cm雙列式栽培爲對照，計8處理重複4次，採複因子隨機排列。
（三）鳳梨植株生育情形：密植處理間株高及葉長以愈密植愈大，單行比雙行大，但葉數與葉寬則相反。品系間植株各部生長狀態，顯示正常開英均較三菱系佔優勢。
（四）結實率：密植度之間隨密度之提高而減低，如第一、二回合計結實率雙行對照區(ck)168%，單(C)164.60%，單(B)160.29%，單(A)143.16%，但除單行A處理因公頃理論株數高至77,777株，有明顯的減少外，其他差異不大。單行與雙行在同樣密度間無明顯差異。品系間第一回以三菱系較高，但第二回則以正常開英爲高，第一、二回合計仍以正常開英161.99%爲高，三菱系156.03%。
（五）果實產量：密度間各年產量均隨密度提高而增加，依第一、二回合計產量單(A)區較(ck)增產26.30%，單(B)較(ck)增產14.64%，兩者均達極顯著差異標準，單(C)區反比(ck)減產6.38%，但未達差異顯著標準。品系間差異極顯著，正常開英較三菱系可增產21.35%。
（六）換算公頃產量：八試項中以正常開英之單(A)密植度產量最高，公頃理論產量達140.410公噸，較三菱系之(ck)增產51%，其次正常開英之單(B)達130.847公噸，較正常開英(ck)增產17%，而三菱系之單(A)118.168公噸，正常開英之單(C)109,465公噸，三菱系之單(B)103.894公噸均依次較三菱系(ck)增產27%、17%及11%，但三菱系單(C)之82.253公噸反比三菱系(ck)93.180公噸減產12%。
（七）平均果重：密植處理間夏果平均果重隨密度的增加依次遞減，第一回夏果1.283~1.088公斤，第二回夏果1.327~1.134公斤，其中單(A)因過分密植，有明顯差異外，其他差異甚微。冬果平均果重似與密植毫無關係。品系間無論夏果或冬果均以正常開英較三菱系爲重，差異極爲顯著。
（八）鳳梨裔芽及吸芽之發生數，依本試驗結果與密植度似無關係，而品種間差異甚大，正常開英平均每株發生裔芽爲為1.65枚，吸芽0.89枚。三菱系每株產生裔芽5.99枚，吸芽0.58枚。（九）單行密植每公頃理論株數提高至77,777株雖仍可增產，但對夏果結實率及平均果重顯有減少趨勢。即以密度與雙行對照區相同的單(C)處理而論，產量雖經變方分析未達顯著標準，但以平均數觀之卻較(ck)減產6.38%，由此可知鳳梨利用單行密植以達增產效果，須嚴選種苗大小一致外，尚待研究改進栽培之密度，以達增產，方爲良策。
本試驗中國農村復興聯合委員會補助兩年經費，本分所園藝落朱主任慶國鼓勵與指導，李技正良指導資料統計分析，文成後又蒙朱主任斧正，謹此一併誌謝。

並列摘要

1. A Single row field experiment on pineapple was carried out in the Fall crop of 1967. The objective of this experiment was to increase average fruit weight and yield production of pineapple by growing pineapple in single rows.
2. Pineapple varieties used were normal smooth caynne and collor of slips. Spacing between rows was fixed at 90 cm for a single row, while three levels of spacing namely, 15, 20, and 25 cm were made between hills of a row. Two rows treatment with row spacing of 50 cm, hill spacing of 30 cm in bed width of 100 cm was also included as check. A total of eight treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, factorial experiment with 4 replications.
3. The plant height and the leaf length increased with increasing planting density. The plant height and the leaf length of single row were larger than those of two rows. However, the number and width of leaf decreased with increasing planting density. The normal smooth caynne showed better growth than collor of slips.
4. The fruitage decreased with the increase of planting density. The average fruitage of plant and ratoon crops was two rows (check) 168%, single row (C) 164.60%, single row (B)160.29%, single row (A) 143.16%. Except single row (A) treatment which fruitage decreased significantly be cause of the increase of the theoretical number of plants per ha to as high as 77,777 plants, no significant difference among other treatment was observed. Difference between the same spacing were also not significant in single and two rows treatments. Between the two varieties of pineapple, the plant crop fruitage of collar of shipe was higher than normal smooth caynne, but the ratoon crop fruitage of the latter was higher than the former. The average fruitage of normal smooth caynne 161.99% was higher than 156.03% of collor of slips.
5. Year fruit yield increased with the increase of planting density. The average yields of plant and yields of plant and ratoon crops of single row (A) was 26.30% higher than check treatment, those of single row (B), 14.64% higher than check treatment, differences were all highly significant. The yield of single row (C) was 6.38% lower than that of check, but the difference did not reach a significant level. Normal smooth caynne outyielded collor of slips by 21.35%, difference being highly significant.
6. Among 8 treatments, single row (A) of normal smooth caynne gave the highest yield, the theoretical yield per ha. reached 140.410 M.T. which was 51 % higher than check treatment of collar of slips. The signle row (B) of normal smooth caynne gave 130.847 M.T. per ha. which outyield check treatment of collor of slips by 40%. The single row (A) of collor of slips, single row (C) of normal smooth caynne, single row (B) of collor of slips yielded 118,168,465, and 103,84.9 M.T. per ha. respectively which were 27,27, anb 11% higher than check treatment of collor of slips respectively. The single row (C) of collor of slips produced 82.253 M.T. per ha. which was 12% lower than check treatment of collor of slips which produce 93.180 M.T. per ha.
7. The mean weight of the summer fruit decreased 1,283-1,088 for plant crop and 1,327-1,134 kg for ratoon crop with the increase of planting density. However, The differences was significant only in the single row (A). The mean weight of the winter fruit appeared not related with planting density. Both mean weight of the summer and winter fruits of the normal smooth caynne was heavier than that of collor of slips, the difference being highly significant.
8. The number of slips and sucker were not affected by the planting density. but they differed greatly with Pineapple varieties. The numbers of slips and sucker were 1.65 anb 0.89 for the normal smooth caynne while those for collor of slips, 5.99 anb 0.58.
9. Although single planting can increase yield by increasing theoretical number of plant to as high as 77,777 plants per ha, its summer fruitage and mean fruit weight tended to decrease. when single row (C) was compared with the same planting density of two rows check treatment, its average yield was 7.62% lower than check although differences in yield failed to reach a significant level. Based on the results of this experiment, it appears not effective to increase yield through dense planting.