栽培密度與施肥量對大豆產量及農藝性狀之影響

Effects of Spacing and Rate of Fertiliztion on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Soybean

詹國連(Kuo-Lein Chan) ； 曾文隆(Wen-Long Tsai)

《中華農業研究》 21卷2期 (1972/06) Pp. 118-127

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197206.0005

摘要

（一）本試驗之目的，在探求大豆最適當之栽培密度與施肥量。試驗始於民國57年夏作，終於59年夏作，共計進行五次，試驗地點在苗栗農工職校農場，試地爲砂壤土（PH爲6.5-6.8），肥力中等，其前作物皆爲水稻。
（二）產量變方分析結果，除59年夏作，不同密度處理間之大豆產量，達於5%差異顯著外，其餘四期作，不同密度間之大豆產量，概無差異。三種施肥量組合之大豆產量，五期作均不顯著（表2）。
（三）四種栽培密度個別比較時，d4（密度最小，每公頃種197,510株）之大豆產量最低；其他三種密度之大豆產量較高，依次爲d1（密度較小，每公頃種247,000株）次之，d3（密度較大，每公頃種274,310株）再次之，d2（密度最大，每公頃種333,330株）之產量較低。因之密度對於大豆產量之影響，可得結論爲：①採用正條密植方式栽植而株數太少時（如d4），大豆之產量最低。②採用寬行密植方式栽植而株數太多時（如d2)，其產量不會理想。③惟有採用寬行密植方式栽植而植株數目適當時（dl、d3），則其產量最佳（表3）。
（四）三種施肥量組合，對大豆產量之影響，雖不顯著，但期作間對肥料之需求似異，夏作有需要高量氣肥，低量磷、鉀肥料（f3）之趨勢；春作則相反，需求中量至低量氮肥，中量至高量磷、鉀肥料（fl、f2）之趨勢（表4）。
（五）六種農藝性狀中，不受栽培密度影響者爲種子百粒重，主莖節數。極受栽培密度影響者爲　莢果數，分枝數，單株種子重等三性狀；疐植時對此三性狀有利。株高則相反，愈密植時株高愈高，此蓋徒長故也（表5、表6）。
（六）六項農藝性狀與大豆產量相似，概不受施肥量之影響，（表4、表7）。

並列摘要

The objectives of this experiment are to investigate the effect of spacing and rate of fertilization on grain yield and agronomic charaters of soybeans.A4×3 factorial experiment design, with four spacings, i.e: d1 (40.5×l0cm, 247,000 phants/ha), d2(30×l0cm, 333,330 phants/ha), d3 (27×l3.Scm, 247,310 phants/ha) , and d4 (22.S/22.Scm, 197,510 phantsf/ha), and with three rates of fertilization, i.e: f1 (20-80-60 kg/ha), f2 (40-120-80 kg/ha), and f3 (80-160-100 kg/ha), are used. Agronomic charaters studied were: grain yield per plot, plant height, no. of main stem nodes, no. of pods, seed weight per plant, and weight per 100 seeds. The experiment repeated five times was begun in Summer (2nd crop) 1968 at the experimental farm of Miao-Li Agriculture & Vocational School, and ended in Summer 1970. The field is of sandy-loam soil with medium fertility, and with rice plant was the previous crop. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Analysis of varince of grain yield showed that there was no significant difference among spacings for all crops studied expect the Summerly crop of 1970, in which it was significant at 5% level. The effect of different rate of fertilization on yield was also not significant for all crops (Table 2).
2. When four different spacings were compard individually, treatment d4 (the lowest plant density) had the lowest yield and the other three had higher yield with d1 (247,000 phants/ha) greater than d3 (247,310 phants/ha) and d2 (the largest plant density, 333,330 phants/ha), respectively. Thus it is conciuded that 1) either low plant density (such as d4) or very high plant density (suchas d2) will result unsatisfactory low yield. 2) Wide-row-close planting with medium plant density, such as d1 or d3, will produce the highest yield (Table 3)
3. The effect of three rates of fertilization varied with crop seasons. However, it seemed that higher nitrogen and lower phosphorous and potassium (f3) is required for Summer (2nd crop) crop, and low to medium nitrogen with higher P and K for Spring (1st crop) crop. (Table 4)
4. Of six agronomic characters investigated, weight per 100 seeds and node number on the main stem were not affected by spacings; number of pods, number of branches and seed yield per plant, were the most influenced characters by spacings. Spacious planting will invariably favour these characters, On the contrary, plant height will be taller with higher plant density because of the elongate growth of internode. (Table 5 and6)
5. The effect of rates of fertilization on agronomic characters were not significant. (Table 4 and 7)