稻熱病病原菌生理型之研究(1970-1972)

Studies on the Physiologic Races of Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia Oryzae Cav.

簡錦忠(C. C. Chien)

《中華農業研究》 23卷1期 (1974/03) Pp. 16-37

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197403.0003

摘要

本研究係爲闡明本省稻熱病病原菌之生理分化、種類及其分佈狀況，以及本省育成稻品種、品系對本省主要稻熱病菌生理小種之抗病程度，以配合稻作抗稻熱病育種及稻品推廣之依據。茲將三年來研究結果簡述如下：
鑑定稻熱病菌生理型所用之胞子浮懸液，每ml內之分生胞子濃度以100萬個左右最妥當。
民國59~61年之間，於臺灣各地區採集稻熱病菌計537菌株，經測定對16判別稻種之致病反應結果，可類別五個羣(Group P. I. T. K, N)，包括35種生理型，其中認爲新出現者有14種生理型。而可歸入P羣者爲race 43；I羣者有race 40，41，42，49；T羣者有race 37，38，39，44，45，46，47，48；N羣者有race 36。在此3年期間每年所出現之生理小種並不一致，在59年度獲219菌株可類別26種生理里，60年度獲152菌株、可類別29種生理型，61年度獲166菌株可類別20種生理型。又35個生理小種中出現頻度最多者爲race 30，佔供試菌株（537菌株）的14.7%，其次爲race 40佔7.8%，再其次爲race 35佔7.6%，最少者爲race 21及49各僅1菌株而已。如果按各羣的出現頻度觀之，T羣較多，佔56.0%，共次爲I羣，佔26.1%，再次爲K羣，佔7.6%，P羣亦佔7.5%，最少者爲N羣，僅佔2.8%。
就地區分佈狀況觀之，宜蘭地區計21種生理型，其中以race 40出現最多，次爲race 30，再次爲race 32；臺中地區計23種生理型，以race 30最多，次爲race 35,，再次爲race 40，；嘉義地區計24種生理型，以race 30最多，次爲race 40；屏東地區計28種生理型，以race 30最多，次爲race 37，再次爲race13；臺東地區計23種生理型，以race 30最多，次爲race 35，再次爲race 37花蓮地區計17種生理型，以race 30最多，次爲race 29。
在112稻品種中，對本省主要稻熱病菌生理小種之抗病力較強者有臺中秈試165號、臺中試183號、矮腳尖、白米粉、高雄選1號及臺中186號等六個品種，此等品種將來可作抗稻熱病育種的良好材料。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to clarify the specialization and distribution of the physiologic races in Taiwan in order to support the breeding program.
The results obtained from 1970 to 1972 were summarized as fellows:
The optimum concentration of spore suspension for inoculation in identification of races of blast fungus was at 10^(6)/ml.
From 1970 to 1972, 537 isolates were collected from several areas in Taiwan and were classified into 5 groups (P, I, T, K, N) by artificial inoculation. The isolates were tested with the 16 differential varieties including 35 physiologic races in which 14 races were newly appeared. The race 43 belongs to P group; race 40, 41, 42, 49 belong to I group race 37, 38, 39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 belong to T group race 36 belongs to N group.
The frequency of races appearance were inconsistency during the past three years. In 1970, 219 isolates were evaluated and were classified into 26 races. In 1971, 29 races were identified from 152 isolates, and 20 races were classified from 166 isolates in 1972. Among the 35 races tested, the highest frequency of appearance was race 30, possessing 14.7 percent over 537 isolates. The race 40 (7.8%) was the next, then race 35 (7.6%), race 21 and race 49 (0.18% each).
The frequency of group order were T group (56.0%) I group (26.1%) K group (7.6 P group (7.5%) and N group (2.8%).
There were 21 races distributed in Ilan area, in which race 40 was the most common one, then the race 30 and race 32. In Taichung area, 23 races were found. The major race were race 30 nextly were races 35 and 40. The major races in Chiayi area were races 30 and 40 where 24 races were included in this area. In Pingtung area, 28 races were found. The race 30 was predominant over there, nextly were race 37 and race 13. In Taitung area race 30 was predominant, then race 35 and race 37 with overall races of 23 races. There were 17 races distributed in Hualien area with major races of race 30 and race 29.
In the 112 rice varieties tested, only 6 of them, namely Taitung-shih 165, Taichung-shih 183, Ai-chueh-chien, Pai-mi-fen, Kaohsiung-hsuan 1 and Taichung 186 were strongly resistant to Taiwan major races and can be used in the rice breeding program for developing resistant varieties to the blast disease.