稻苗徒長病病原因之有性世代

The Perfect Stage of Fusarium moniliforme

張義璋(Yih-Chang Chang) ； 孫守恭(Shou-Kung Sun)

《中華農業研究》 24卷1&2期 (1975/09) Pp. 11-19

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197509.0002

摘要

由水稻徒長病病株上之Gibberella fujikuroi子囊胞子或分生胞子分離所得之單胞菌株，均有細長之鐮刀型大胞子及鏈生小胞子，爲典型之Fusarium moniliform，再由接種試驗確定各菌株均有高度病原性。
單胞菌株純培養時不能形成子囊殼。如果在單胞菌株中給以適當配對及適合培養基與環境，子囊殼即可發育形成，由隨機組合配對得知單子囊中8個子囊胞子分成兩種親和配對型(A, a),A與a之比例爲l:1。另由交互配對試驗測出各菌株尚有性因子存在，分別爲雄性菌株、雌性菌株或雌雄同體三種。臺灣各地區親和性之配對型菌株同時存在，故極易形成子囊殼，異絲生殖(Heterothallism)得以證明。

並列摘要

The cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi in this experiment were obtained by single-spore isolation from either perithecia or conidia. Each single ascospore or conidium culture produced the long and slightly curved macroconidia and chains of microconidia typical of Fusarium moniliforme. Pathogenicity tests comfirmed their caused relationship to disease.
Single ascospore or conidium culture did not produce perithecium in pure culture. However, when cultures on favorable medium (superscript (4, 9, 10)) were mated under suitable culture condition (superscript (12, 17, 18)), fertile perithecia did develop. When mating was made at random between the single ascospore cultures that were derived from the same ascus or the single conidium cultures, the isolates were about equally divided into 2 mating-types (A, a). From reciprocal crossing tests, the sexuality of tested isolates is known as female, male, or hermaphrodite, respectively.
Heterothallism, however, accounts for the wide genetic variability as recognized in Fusariurn moniliforme that is isolated from rice plant.