水稻抗稻熱病多品系品種及混合品種之抗病性、生產力及品質之研究

Studies on Disease Resistance, Yielding Capacity and Grain Quality of Blast Resistant Multiline and Composite Varieties of Rice

邱善美(S. M. Chiu) ； 鄧耀宗(Y. C. Teng)

《中華農業研究》 25卷4期 (1976/12) Pp. 249-258

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197612.0001

摘要

本試驗主要目的在探討水稻多品系品種及混合品種對稻熱病的抵抗性、生產力！及稻米品質。經在本省北、中、南部稻熱病昌獗地區試驗結果顯示：混合品種或多品種系品種之抗病性均較對照品種强，而混台品種之抗病性又較多品系品種強，但以三處所（臺北、臺中、嘉義）所選出的抗病系統組成的較二處所（臺北、臺中）所組成的抗病。多品系品種則以抗六種不同生理小種所組成的品種較抗五種不同生理小種所組成者抗病。
稻穀產量，第一期作，坪林（臺北縣）試區以品種M-8-1產量最高，較對照品種增產50%，其他各供試品種之增產幅度爲45%-7.3%之間。白河（臺南縣）試區稻熱病較他二試區嚴重，種植混合品種或多品系品種之效益更爲明顯，如品種C-8-1、M-8-l、M-8-2較對照品種約增收三倍左右。萬巒（屏東）試區，供試品種之增產幅度爲32%~2.5%另之間（除品種C-5-2）。第二期作，除坪林發生病害默其效益外。其他二試區未發生葉稻熱病爲，混合品種之效益未能顯示。
經測定米粒品質後發現：米粒品質之優劣與品種抗病性有極大關係，尤以米粒的透明度、腹白、心白最爲明顯，如以此三種性狀來表示米質的良否，混合品種或多品系種較對種有較優的表現。

並列摘要

The present study was aimed to compare the blast resistance, productivity and grain quality between the multiline and composite varieties of rice. The performance of the multiline and composite varieties was evaluated at the three heavy blast infected locations in Northern. Central and Southern part of Taiwan respectively. It was observed that both multiline and composite varieties were more resistant to blast disease in comparison with the ordinary varieties Tainan 5 and Chianan 8. The composite varieties generally showed a higher resistance to blast than the multiline varieties.
Grain yield of the composite or multiline varieties was much higher than the control varieties. In the first crop, variety M-8-1 gave 50% higher grain yield at Pinlin (Northern Taiwan).Other composite or multiline varieties showed 7.3%-45% yield increase as compared with the controls. At Paiho (Central Taiwan) where the disease epidemics was very severe, the yield of composite and multiline varieties such as C-8-1, M-8-1 and M-8-2 were 2-3 fold higher than the controls. At Wanlan (Southern Taiwan), except variety C-5-2, all other composite or multiline varieties showed an increase in grain yield ranging from 4.8%-32.5%. In the second crop, no apparent yield increase was observed due to no blast disease epidemics, with the exception of Pinling experimental field.
It was found that grain qualities such as translucent, white center and white belly etc. were closely related with blast resistances; multiline or composite varieties had better grain quality than the controls.