水稻花藥培養以育成植株之研究

Production of Rice Plantlets by Anther Culture

蔡秀錦(Shung-Ching Tsai) ； 林明華(Ming-Hwa Lin)

《中華農業研究》 26卷2期 (1977/06) Pp. 100-112

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197706.0002

摘要

培養42種不同水稻品種、品系及雜交第一代之花藥於MS、ML和MW三種培養基上，可誘導癒合組織之形成，其發生頻率介於0~20.21%之間，因品種不同而不同。此等培養基均含有5ppm NAA、2.5ppm Kinetin、15%椰子汁及6%蔗糖。日本型水稻適合於MS培養基；印度型水稻則適合於ML培養基。蔗糖濃度對癒合組織形成率之影響很大，多於或少於6%蔗糖的培養基均將降低癒合組織之形成率；甘露蜜醇(mannitol)雖有調節滲透壓的功效，然其效果則還次於蔗糖。花藥事先經由低溫（5°、10°及15℃）處理一日，與癒合組織的形成率之相關甚少。二期作花藥癒合組織之形成率還低於一期作。
癒合組織移入含有0.5ppm NAA、4ppm Kinetin、40ppm Adenine sulfate、15%椰子汁及3%蔗糖的MS培養基後二至四週，就有小植株的分化，其分化頻率由30至80不等。再則分化率亦因癒合組織之齡期、品種和期作而有所差異。十日大（0.2至0.4公釐）的癒合組織再分化率量高，分化成綠苗之百分比亦大：太老或經由繼代培養之癒合組織之分化率降低，且形成白苗的百分比亦提高。椰子汁對再分化並不十分重要，反而有抑制現象。

並列摘要

Anthers of 42 varieties and F1 hybrids of rice (Oryza saliva L.) were culture on synthetic medium. Calluses were successfully induced from pollens and the number of anther which could produce calluses ranged from 0 to 20. 21%. Callus-formation rates were different among varieties and hybrids in the order of Japonica varieties＞ F1 Hybrid＞ Indica varieties. Basic media used for anther culture were developed by Miller (ML), Murashige and Skoog (MS) and modified White medium. These media contain 5ppm NAA, 2.5ppm Kinetin, 15% Coconut milk and 6% Sucrose. The MS medium was useful to Japonica varieties and ML medium was apt to Indica varieties. Concentration of sucrose was an important factor for callus induction. Sucrose concentrations higher or lower than 6% would decrease the induction frequency. It is impossible to substitute mannitol for sucrose. Anther treated with low temperatures can not produced calluses with higher frequencies, except Kabara. The callus-formation rate of the 2nd crop of rice was far lower than that of 1st crop.
After the calluses were transferred to MS medium containing 0.5ppm NAA, 4ppm Kinetin, 40ppm Adenine sulfate, 15% Coconut milk and 3% Sucrose, plantlets regenerated in 2-4 weeks. The range of regenerative rates was from 30 to 80%. Potentially of regeneration of plantlets from pollen calluses was found to be related with callus age, varieties and rice crop season. The 10-day-old calluses were most optimal, older or younger calluses would decrease the regenerative frequency and produce more albino plantlets. The coconut milk was not essencial for plantlet regeneration.