扁捕植蟎(Amblyseius taiwanicus)人工繁殖及水稻常用農藥對其毒性之初步測定

Artificial Propagation of Amblyseius taiwanicus and Its Tolerance to Some Pesticides

羅幹成(Kang-Chen Lo) ； 何琦琛(Chyi-Chen Ho) ； 陳瑞慈(Shui-Tsey Chen)

《中華農業研究》 28卷4期 (1979/12) Pp. 251-259

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197912.0004

摘要

扁捕植蟎爲稻細蟎(Steneotarsonemus spinki)主要天敵之一。本試驗以人工飼育食菌細蟎(Tarsonemus sp.)爲其代用食餌，利用培養之水稻小黑菌核病菌(Helminthosporium sigmoideum Car. Var. irrogulare Crel.)爲其飼料，在試管內於20、25、30及35℃下比較飼育食菌細蟎與扁捕植蟎，以探求二者之繁衍適溫，結果雌性食菌綑蟎在四定溫下，發育期分別爲6.83、5.46、3.63及3.66天，30℃爲其繁衍適溫；雌性扁捕值蟎在上述四定溫下，發育期分別爲14.0、7.18、4.24及4.04天；每雌平均產卵量分別爲21.3、25.5、31.0及12.0枚；雌蟎壽命平均分別爲30.3、27.7、14.0及12.6天；次代性比(♀:♂)分別爲6:1、7.2:1、6.5:1及5:1；死亡率分別爲16%、12.4%、8.7%及30%。扁捕植蟎在產卵期間各日齡產卵量互異，高溫時產卵期短，但每日產卵量較高，其中以在30℃時平均每日產卵量最高，爲繁衍之適溫，但必須配對才會產卵。
至於水稻常用藥劑對扁捕植蟎之毒性，經多次試驗結果，8種水稻常用殺蟲劑對雌性扁捕植蟎致死50%之濃度：55% Azodrin (Monocrotophos) EC，40.64% Furadan (Carbofuran) FW，37% Kilval (Vamidothion) S，24% Lannate (Methomyl) S及20% MIPC (Isocarb) EC.均小於5ppm；75% Orthene (Acephate) SP.爲8ppm；50% Sumithion (Fenitrothion) EC.爲14ppm；40% Hokbal EC.爲185ppm.。顯然在8種農藥中，僅Hokbal對扁捕植蟎之毒性較低，其餘均具高度之毒殺作用。

並列摘要

A predatory mite, Amblyseius taiwanicus Ehara (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) is an important natural enemy of Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acarina: Tarsonemidae), which is a pest of rice. We tried to mass produce a mycophagous mite, Tarsonemus sp. (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) as a substitute prey for mass rearing the predatory mite. Tarsonemus was raised on fungus, Helminthosporium sigmoideum grown on potato dextrose agar medium. Predatory mites were released on Tarsonemus culture and held at various temperatures for growth studies. Under the constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, the total developmental period of female Tarsonemus sp. was 6.83, 5.46, 3.63 and 3.66 days, respectively. The total developmental period of female A. taiwanicus was 14.00, 7.18, 4.24 and 4.04 days, respectively. The average number of eggs per female 21.3, 25.5, 31.0 and 12.0; the average longevity of female 30.3, 27.7, 14.0 and 12.6 days; the sex ratio of the next generation 6:1, 7.2:1, 6.5:1 and 5:1, and the mortalities 16, 12.4, 8.7 and 30%, respectively. We found this predatory mite can only oviposit after insemination, and require repeated insemination for continued oviposition.
The artificial propagated A. taiwanicus were used as the material for determining the toxicities of commonly used pesticides by using leaf-dip residue method. Most pesticides tested showed high toxicity to A. taiwanicus with LC50 values of Azodrin (mono-crotophos), Furadan (carbofuran), Kilval (vamidothion), Lannate (methomyl) and MIPC (isocarb) less than 5 ppm; and that of Orthene (acephate) 8 ppm; Sumithion (fenitrothion) 14 ppm, Hokbal(superscript R) 185 ppm. Hokbal thus appears to be relatively safe to the predatory mite.