臺灣落花生根瘤線蟲Meloidogyne arenaria之鑑定

Identification of Meloidogyne arenctria on Peanut in Taiwan

程永雄(Y. H. Cheng) ； 杜金池(C. C. Tu)

《中華農業研究》 29卷1期 (1980/03) Pp. 47-53

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198003.0006

摘要

落花生根瘤綜蟲病近年來在雲林地區逐漸成爲重要之花生痛害。其病原綜蟲經鑑定爲Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal，1889) Chitwood, 1949。其成熟雌蟲之陰門模紋型(Perineal pattern)通常爲卵圓型，但其長軸卻與側線(Lateral line)平行。特徵爲拱弧(Arch)較低而圓，由平整條紋(Smooth striae)所構成，背部及腹部條紋(Dorsal and ventral striae)在側線處成角度之相會，側線處有許多雜亂之輝條紋，肛門上方無點狀物(Punctation)。雌蟲排泄孔(Excretory pore)約位於頭端後方2倍口針長之處。本線蟲二齡幼蟲體長0.440mm。(0.37~0.49 mm)。侵染落花生後，引起植株矮小、黃化及提早落葉等病徵。根部被感染則產生類似串珠狀之根瘤，但不像M. hapla會自根瘤處再生放射狀之側根。豆莢及莢柄被侵害，則引起腫狀瘤而畸型。M. arenaria對蕃茄（盛岡7號）及小鳳西瓜也有病原性，會引起腫瘤，但對棉花(Stoneville 7A)則無病原性。

並列摘要

Peanut root-root-knot nematode disease has become an important and has threated to peanut production in Yien-lin growth area recently. The causal agent was identified as Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949. Perineal pattern of M. arenaria shows oval-shaped with longer axis in the lateral direction. Arch rounded to low is composed of smooth striae. There are numerous short disordered striae in the lateral fields where dorsal and ventral striae meet at an angle. Perineal pattern of this species is never found punctation above the anus. Female excretory pore is at about 2 stylet lengths posterior to apex of head. Median length of larvae of this species is 0.440mm (0.37-0.49 mm).
The 2nd stage larvae infect peanut, causing stunting, yellowing, and early falling of leaves. Root systems invaded by this spicies cause root knots in chains, but rarely have lateral rootlets grown directly from gall as those caused by M. hapla. Shells and stems infected by M. arenaria cause galls and become malformed. M. arenaria also causes galls and reproduces on tomato (Sheng-kang No. 7) and watermelon (Flonty baby), but not on cotton (Stoneville 7A).