Studies on cytoplasmic-genetic Male Sterility of Cultivated Rice (Oryza saliva L.) Ⅱ. Morphological-histological Investigation on Functional Male Sterility

水稻細胞質－遺傳因子雄不稔性之研究　Ⅱ.構造雄不稔花藥之形態及組識學的研究

成游貴(Yu-Kuei Cheng) ； 黃眞生(Chen-Seng Huang)

《中華農業研究》 29卷2期 (1980/06) Pp. 67-80

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198006.0001

摘要

具有白殼細胞質之「臺中65（白殼）MS」與「臺農61（白殼）MS」以及具有O .rufipogon細胞質之「高雄選1(R)MS」等細胞質雄不稔系統，其不稔之主要原因爲花藥不能裂開，但花粉發育卻皆正常，此型雄不稔稱之爲構造性雄不稔性。利用掃描電子顯微鏡與光學顯微鏡觀察構造性雄不稔花藥與正常花藥之結果得知，不裂開花藥與正常花藥問最顯著之差異爲內皮細胞之強韌纖維化與其長軸方向的組成及輕微角質化之表皮細胞，因此開花時花粉囊問帶I(IMS 1)與藥隔薄壁組織間不發生分離。另外在不裂開花藥之IMS 1表面上發現有部分刺狀物或表皮脊狀凸起，與正常花藥IMS 1表面光滑不同。因此開花後構造性雄不稔之花藥經常維持著四個或兩個花粉囊，故花藥之藥壁結構及黏接(Cohesion)機制之物理過程與花藥裂開似有密切關係。
在水稻，此種構造性雄不稔性，可以用強迫自交或其他方法來繁殖後代而不須要代代回交其輪迴親，因此在發展雜種水稻上，此種雄不稔性具有很大的功用。

並列摘要

Anther indehiscence was the main cause of cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility for rices 65 P 2, 61 P 1 and KR 7. This type of male sterility, determined by cytoplasm and not by nucleus, was rather stable in a range of temperatures. The most significant difference of indehiscent anthers from normal ones is their strongly thickened-fibrous endothecium and their particular orientation pattern. The epidermal cells were also slightly thick-walled. Therefore the separation of intermicrosporangial stripe 1 (IMS 1) from the underlying parenchyma along each side of the connective tissue did not occur at anthesis. The outer surface of IMS 1 of indehiscent anther had some spurs or ridges whereas the surface of normal anthers was smooth. It may prevent the anthers to form anterior pore and pollen shedding. From these results, it is suggested that the anther wall structures and physical process of cohesion mechanism may be involved in anther dehiscence. The functional male sterility of rice is advantageous in that it can be propogated by compulsive self-pollination. Its possible use in developing hybrid rice was discussed.