機挿水稻之生育與生理研究　Ⅰ.氮素、葉綠素及非構造性碳水化合物之濃度變化

Physiological Studies of machine-transplanted Rice Ⅰ. Changes in Concentrations of Nitrogen, Chlorophyll and Total non-structural Carbohydrates

陳建山(Chein-Shan Chen) ； 黃定鼎(Ding-Ding Huang) ； 劉大江(Dah-Jiang Liu)

《中華農業研究》 30卷2期 (1981/06) Pp. 89-98

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198106.0001

摘要

爲了配合本省機挿水稻之全面推廣，採用臺南5號（稉稻）與臺中秈5號（長秈稻）二水稻品種，按一般箱式育苗與機械栽培方式進行試驗，比較品種與期作間之移值苗質及移植後地上部不同器官之光合成產物累積與分佈，提供產量高低之說明。
試驗結果顯示期作間之苗質差異較品種間爲大，一期作機挿秧茁之重／長與碳水化合物／全氮比值均大於二期作，亦即具有較優之苗質。
移植後葉片之葉綠素濃度，一期作在孕穗期，二期作在近最高分蘗期達到高峰，葉綠素在期作間之變化與非構造性碳水化合物之累積密切相關，但與葉片全氮濃度並不完全平行變化。
二期作稈部碳水化合物與葉綠素濃度在抽穗後減低遠甚於一期作，顯示轉運穗部之光合成產物來源不足，結果秈、稉稻在土期作之結實率與千粒重減低，但穗數在品種與期作間之差異均不顯著。
稉稻之葉綠素與氮素濃度高於秈稻，但秈稻稈部碳水化合物之累積速率與數量明顯大於稉稻，惟降低速率亦迅速，結果秈稻之千粒重遠低於稉稻，因此光合成產物之累積與轉運同具影響本省水稻在品種與期作間之產量差異，值得再作進一步之探討。

並列摘要

Experiments were conducted in the first and second crop seasons of 1978 to study the seedling quality and the changing patterns of N, total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and chlorophyll concentrations throughout the growth course of machine-transplanted rice.
Differences in seedling quality were more significant between crop seasons than between varieties at the leaf ages of 3.1 to 3.3. Seedlings raised in the first crop possessed high ratios of dry weight/height and TNC/N than those of the second crop.
Nitrogen conentration in leaf blades was higher in Tainan No. 5 (japonica) than in Taichung sen No. 5 (indica) rice. TNC accumulation in culms before heading was more pronounced in the indica variety; however, the subsequent decline during grain-filling was also faster as compared with the japonica rice Tainan No. 5.
Highest chlorophyll concentration was recorded at booting stage in the first crop and at maximum tillering stage in the second crop rice. Changes in concentrations of chlorophyll and TNC were parallel to each other in both seasons. The marked decreases in levels of TNC and chlorophyll after heading, along with the lower ripened-grain percentage and 1000-graia weight, suggested insufficient supply of photosynthetic assimilates in the second crop rice.