花粉來源與雜交組合對暗玉米蛋白質、離胺酸及油分含量的影響

Effects of Pollen Sources on Protein, Lysine and Oil Contents of Different Cross-combination of Opaque-2 Corn

萬雄(Hsiung Wan) ； 呂宗佳(Tzong-Chia Lee) ； 盧煌勝(Hung-Shung Lu) ； 鄭心嫻(Hsing-Hsien Cheng)

《中華農業研究》 30卷4期 (1981/12) Pp. 341-349

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198112.0001

摘要

一、暗玉米單交種3種，雙交種3種，及普通玉米臺南11號，進行(i)自花授粉(ii)不同暗玉米品種花粉授粉(iii)普通玉米花粉授粉等三種處理，以明瞭花粉對暗玉米子粒化學成分改變的當代影響。結果花粉對油分含量而言，三種處理間均無顯著差異。而蛋白質及離胺酸之含量，如自花授粉或以不同暗玉米品種花粉授粉者，兩者間無顯著差異。而普通玉米花粉對暗玉米蛋白質及離胺酸含量均顯示：花粉直感效應使暗玉米之此二種成分減低至和普通玉米相近。故推廣種植暗玉米時，必須慎重預防普通玉米花粉之污染。
二、暗玉米自交系7種，及由此而來的單交種10種，雙交種7種，以及對照普通玉米2種，分別取其自交果穗分析子粒之化學成分，研究親子間蛋白質，離胺酸及油分含量的關係。結果蛋白質及離胺酸兩項，則單交種之含量均爲兩親中間值，不過凡親本中有較高蛋白質含量者，則單交種之平均值往往低於中間值，否則均有高於中間值趨勢。油分含量的遺傳則以高油分具有顯性，單交種之油分含量均與高油分自交系親本相近或超過之。因此；育種時，應擇自交系之蛋白質與離胺酸含量較高者作爲親本至爲重要。
三、比較雙雜交種玉米蛋白質之胺基酸組成，發現暗玉米比普通玉米具有較高的離胺酸(34.90%), histidine, ammonia, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, valine含量。而proline, alanine, leucine三種胺基酸含量則少於普通玉米。依胺基酸的平衡營養價值言，暗玉米優於通玉米。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the xenia effect of pollen from both opaque-2 and normal corn on protein, lysine and oil contents and the relationship of these chemical constituents between parental inbreds and their subsequent single and double crosses. The amino-acid compositions of the double-cross hybrids made from the opaque-2 inbreds were also analysed.
Two single crosses and three double crosses were pollinated respectively with its own pollen (selfing), unrelated opaque-2 lines (outcrossing), and normal corn (Tainan No. 11) pollens. The results showed that there was no xenia effect of pollen on oil content. However, there were significant xenia effects on protein and lysine contents if opaque-2 corn was pollinated with pollens from normal corn. Both protein and lysine contents were reduced to the level of normal corn which contained less protein (8.8%) and lysine (3.2lgm/100gm protein). Outcrossing with unrelated opaque-2 corn did not affect the two constituents. The conclusion on no xenia effect with opaque-2 corn pollen should be cautiously referred without further studies because this would possibly be due to the narrow differences of protein and lysine contents between pollen parent and female parents (single or double crosses). Nevertheless, the information is useful for the production of opaque-2 corn to avoid the contamination of pollens from normal corn.
Seven opaque-2 corn inbreds and 10 single crosses, and 7 double crosses obtained from these inbreds were studied for their protein, lysine and oil contents. The results showed protein and lysine contents of each single cross were intermediate between two parent inbreds while the chemical constituents of the double crosses were also the intermediate of two single crosses. However , the oil content of the single cross is equal to or surpasses the higher inbred except the single cross, 6×4^1, indicating that high oil content is dominant . For double crosses, the oil content was intermediate between two parental single crosses.
The complete analysis of amino-acid composition of 7 double crosses indicated that opaque-2 corn contained higher lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, arginine, ammonia, glycine and valine, and less proline, alanine and leucine than normal corn. Although there are differences of amino acid composition between opaque-2 and normal corn, the opaque-2 corn shows more balanced amino acid composition and thus has higher nutritional value than normal corn.