甘藷花葯、莖段及塊根癒傷組織之器官形成

Organ Differentiation from Callus Derived from Anther, Stem and Tuber of Sweet Potato

蔡新聲(H. S. Tsay) ； 賴本智(P. C. Lai) ； 陳良築(L. J. Chen)

《中華農業研究》 31卷3期 (1982/09) Pp. 191-198

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198209.0003

摘要

甘藷單核期花葯培養，形成癒傷組織之最佳培養基爲含有sucrose 6%，indoleacetic acid (IAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)及6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin)各2mg/l或naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)及kinetin各2 mg/l之Murashige and Skoog (1962)基本鹽類培養基。品種間誘導花葯形成癒傷組織之差異性極大，不同品種間花葯癒傷組織分化器官之能力亦各不同。促使花葯癒傷組織分化器官之主要植物荷爾蒙爲benzyladenine (BA), IAA及abscisic acid (ABA)三種。相同品種不同器官來源之癒傷組織，分化器官之能力亦各有不同，以幼嫩莖段癒傷組織所具分化能力最強，花葯癒傷組織次之，塊根癒傷組織最差。就塊根癒傷組織之器官分化能力而言，品種所造成的影響較培養基中植物荷爾蒙含量之效果爲大。大部份器官的分化都是以擬胚體的形成爲第一步，未經移植之擬胚體常隨癒傷組織之老化而死亡，將此擬胚體繼代培養於含有NAA 0.1mg/l, kinetin 0.5 mg/l及adenine sulfate 7.5 mg/l之半量MS基本鹽類培養基，經2~4個月生長，可由根之瘤狀部形成芽體。

並列摘要

For callus induction from sweet potato anthers at uninucleate stage, the most suitable culture medium was Murashige & Skoog (1962) basic salts and 6% sucrose supplemented with 2 mg/l each of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), or 2 mg/l each of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin. The ability of callus formation from anthers and organ initiation from callus differed among varieties. 6-benzyladenine (BA), IAA and abscisic acid (ABA) were the most effective plant hormones for organ initiation from anther callus.
Callus were also induced from young stem pith and tuber. However, those callus showed different potential in organ differentiation. Highest frequency was observed in stem pith callus whereas tuber callus was poorest in terms of the ability to differentiate. Organ differentiation from tuber callus was affected more by varietal difference than by the composition of plant hormones.
Most of the organs induced were originated from embryoids appeared on the cultured callus. Transfer to a new medium was essential to prevent the embryoids from browning and senescence. By subculturing these embryoids to 1/2 strength of Murashige & Skoog medium with 0.1 mg/l NAA, 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 7.5 mg/l adenine sulfate, many roots were induced, and a few buds were observed from the nodule-like tissue of the growing root after 2-4 months in the same culture medium.