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Insecticide Resistance Study in Plutella xylostella (L.) Ⅲ. The Insecticide Susceptibilities and Resistance Response of a Native Susceptible Strain

小菜蛾抗藥性之研究 Ⅲ.對三種殺蟲劑之抗性發展及引發之交互抗性

摘要


本試驗係利用本所於民國69-70年間於宜蘭所採得之感性品系小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L)、測定22種登記於防治此蟲之殺蟲劑的基本毒理資料。所測得最有效之前五種均屬人工合成除蟲菊精(Synthetic pyrethroids),而其中,又以第滅靈(Decamethrin)最爲有效。數種有機磷劑效果均佳,但以美文松爲第一,氨基甲酸鹽類之效果均不理想,僅加保扶尚可,加保利爲所有供試藥劑中感度最差者(見表1.)。總體而言,所測得結果與劉明毅等人所測之FS-品系反應類似(見表2.)。但宜蘭品系對有機磷類殺蟲劑之感度偏低,似與該類藥劑已在本省使用多年,可能有某種程度之抗藥性發生有關。 在抗藥性誘發試驗中,係以加保扶,培丹及芬化利等三種殺蟲劑之百分之七十五致死濃度(LC75)進行汰選,各世代所需用之LC75隨汰選次數而增加,故每代均需重新測定,吾人係以各世代需用之LC75增加速率爲該藥劑誘發抗藥能力之指標(見圖1)。一旦抗性品系之抗藥力達十至二十倍時,即可進行交互抗性之測定,測定仍依基本毒理測定方式進行,將所得結果與原有宜蘭品系毒理資料比較,以檢查各抗藥性品系對不同殺蟲劑之交互抗性是否發生及發生程度。 所得結果顯示,加保扶誘發抗藥能力最強,經過8世代之汰選,可誘發36倍抗藥能力。芬化利則次之,12代即可誘發15倍之抗藥力。三種供試殺蟲劑中,以培丹之抗性誘發能力最低,經10代僅誘發約10倍之抗藥力。 抗加保扶品系僅對其他殺蟲劑產生輕微或全無交互抗性,因此,如需於田間換用其他藥劑對付抗加保扶之小菜蛾時,選藥範圍較寬。抗芬化利者,則完全不同,其交互抗性範圍廣泛,程度較嚴重。抗培丹者居中,只對部分殺蟲劑發生中等程度之交互抗性(見表3.)。 由以上結果,可預測使用不同化學防治藥劑時,小菜蛾之可能反應,因而選用較理想之藥劑進行防治。

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並列摘要


The toxicity information of twenty-two insecticides on the diamondback moth was obtained by testing a native susceptible I-lan strain. Top five insecticides of all tested compounds are synthetic pyrethroids. Decamethrin is the most effective insecticide and carbaryl is the worst one. Mevinphos and carbofuran are the most effective compound for organophosphates and carbamates respectively. The overall result of toxicity test of I-lan strain is quite comparable to that of a susceptible strain introduced from France. Carbofuran can rapidly induce the resistance developed in the diamondback moth with only minor cross resistance problem in other insecticides. Fenvalerate induced the resistance at a rate slower than that of carbofuran, but it caused severe cross resistance in the moth. Cartap can only induce the resistance at a very slow rate and result in a moderate cross resistance problem. Both the cartap-resisted and the fenvalerate-resisted strains responded to fenvalerate and decamethrin in a similar fashion but were different from cypermethrin and permethrin.

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