Studies on the Field Use of Potato True Seeds in Tuber Production

利用種子生產馬鈴薯之栽培研究

曹幸之(S. J. Tsao)

《中華農業研究》 32卷4期 (1983/12) Pp. 341-347

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198312.0005

摘要

傳統的以種薯來繁殖馬鈴薯的栽培方法，因種薯感病常帶病原，必須在適當的隔離地區才能生產健康種薯，但種子則本身少帶病原，體積小，存放與運送均稱便，成本亦低，雖然由它生產馬鈴薯需時較用種薯者爲久，並會發生分離現象，但如選擇適宜親本，生產雜交種子，可以克服此缺點，另一方面如以種子育苗後再移植本田，又可縮短本田時間。若將由種子所生產的馬鈴薯當做種薯，供栽培之用，經此方法，每年採收種子栽種，即可每年更新種薯。本研究中進行了四項栽培試驗，一方面比較不同的種子族羣，期能尋選高產量的族羣，一方面探究適宜生產種薯的播種密度，但在植株生育中後期遇到連續陰雨，日照不足，使薯球產量與其乾物含量均偏低，以種薯栽植的Kennebec與Cardinal兩品種，單株產量均不足300公克，而實生苗所獲得的產量更低，部分試驗，表土甚淺，土質粕重，對於實生苗的不良影響也較顯著。綜合所得結果，認爲要廣集國外所研究欲推廣的種子，進行比較，可以較快速地選出適宜本省栽培的種子族草，再進而生產該種子。種子經直播密植的方式，在小面積上即可生產許多小薯，這些薯球只要有近10公克重，即可做爲種薯，不但省去切薯工作，減少感染病害的機會，並可增加繁殖借數，播種密度以10×10公分爲宜。在播種前，種子一俟經GA處理即應保持其潮濕狀態，若經GA處理又風乾才播種，出芽就會延緩好幾天。至於直播方式的選擇一撒播或點播，及爲縮短種薯所需冷藏時問的最適生產種薯時期，需另行探討。

並列摘要

Several cultural experiments were conducted to investigate the most adapt ye method of using potato true seeds (TPS) in potato production.
1. Comparison between the use of true seeds and seed tubers.
2. Comparison of different seeding rates in relation to tuber yield.
3. Comparison of TPS tubers of different size in their ability as seed tubers.
4. Comparison of yielding ability of different TPS populations.
All plantings were adversely affected by extended period of heavy rainfall during the later part of the growth. However, results are summarized as follows
1. All yields obtained from TPS seedling-whether by direct seeding or by transplanting, were lower than those obtained from tuber planting.
2. Potatoes produced from true seeds can be used as seed tubers to produce a crop as long as the tuberlets reach the size of 8g. The technology of direct seeding with dense spacing can be employed to produce numerous small tubers in limited land.
3. Direct seeding is more economic and labor-saving than transplanting in producing tubers.