草莓葉蟎之生態研究

An Ecological Study of Spider Mites on Strawberry in Taiwan

羅幹成(Paul K. C. Lo) ； 何琦琛(C. C. Ho) ； 曾信光(C. K. Tseng)

《中華農業研究》 33卷3期 (1984/09) Pp. 337-344

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198409.0013

摘要

本研究於民國67年至70年在本省苗栗縣大湖鄉完成三期作草莓葉蟎之生態研究。每週或隔週取樣調查，計發現6種葉蟎爲害草莓，其中以神澤葉蟎(Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida)和二點葉蟎(T. urticae Koch)最爲重要，民國69年以前，神澤葉瞞居優勢，70年二點葉蟎樓羣激增，取代神澤葉蟎之優勢地位。三年間，葉蟎棲羣之增長均始於1至2月間，其棲羣高峰期：67-68年期作爲4月中旬，68-69年期作爲4月上旬，69-70年期作爲3月下旬，葉蟎類密度分別爲225, 444及502隻／複葉，此後棲羣密度迅速下降至5隻／複葉以下，同時發現葉蟎之天敵7種，而以捕植蟎(Amblyseius spp.)與小黑隱翅蟲(Oligota cviformis (Casey)爲主要者，其棲羣高峰出現於3月上旬至4月下旬問，但密度均低，甚少超出1隻／夜葉。總括而言，葉蟎棲羣密度之增長及急速下降主要受雨量及相對濕度之影響，一種貝菌病似爲後期葉瞞密度驟降主因之一。

並列摘要

An ecological study of spider mites and their native predators was conducted on strawberry fields in Tahu, Miaoli, Taiwan with populations being survey at weekly intervals during 1979-81. Six spider mites i. e. Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, T. urticae (Koch), T. cinnabarinus Boud., Panonychus citri (McGregor), Schizotetranychus sp. and Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadiu were found, and T. kanzawai and T. urticae were recognized as the dominant pests. From 1977 to 1980, kanzawai mite was the predominating species, but since 1981, the two-spotted spider mite had become the dominant one.
Populations of the spider mites in those three years usually started to increase in the period of January to February and reached peaks of 225, 444, and 5021 leaf on medium of April (1978-79), early of April (1979-80), and late of March (1980-81), respectively. The population then declined abruptly to less than 5 mites/leaf. Seven predators i. e. Oligota oviformis (Casey), Stethorus loi Sasaji, Arthrocnodax occidentalis Felt, Scolothrips sexmaculatus Pergande, Amblyseius spp., Cunaxa sp., and Ascid mites were present, Amblyseius spp. and Oligota oviformis were the dominant species. Their populations usually reached a peak of no more than 1/leaf between early March to late April. It was concluded that the mite populations on strawberry declined abruptly primarily due to the high precipitation, high relative humidity and a fungal disease.