大豆植林營養要素之累積與分佈　Ⅱ．全生育期磷、鉀與鎂之濃度變化

Accumulation and Distribution of Nutrients in Soybeans Ⅱ. Changes of P, K and Mg Concentrations during Plant Development

王強生(C. S. Wang) ； 魏夢麗(M. L. Wei) ； 劉大江(D. J. Liu)

《中華農業研究》 33卷4期 (1984/12) Pp. 377-386

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198412.0005

摘要

於民國70年夏作與71年春作栽培大豆高雄3號及十石二品種，在各生育期分析植株器官磷、鉀與鎂素濃度，於期作間進行比較，並探討與產量間的關係。試驗結果顯示春、夏作二品種值株各部位三項要素濃度均在合理範圍內，亦即供試植株之營養正常。春作大豆營養器官（葉片、葉柄、莖桿與根）磷、鉀及鎂濃度均較夏作爲高，尤以葉片的表現最爲明顯。營養器官要素濃度均於種子充實期間下降，幅度以夏作較爲顯著，係營養要素再轉移至種子的結果，唯一之例外爲葉柄鎂濃度變化，於種子充實期間急劇升高，推測與器官之老化及離層之產生有密切關係。生殖器官所含三項要素濃度亦以春作略高，莢果壁磷、鉀濃度於種子開始充實以後逐漸下降，有明顯的再轉移現象，但同一期間鎂濃度則迅速升高。同一期作兩品種植株各部位磷、鉀與鎂濃度變化趨勢相似，顯示大豆營養要素的吸收與轉移受環境因子之影響甚大。春作大豆植株營養要素濃度雖高於夏作，但種子產量較低，表示如在合理範圍內，要素濃度高低與產量並無明確關係。試驗結果並建議臺中地區春作各項環境因子不利於大豆種子生產，從而限制營養要素再轉移至種子，導致生育後期營養器官內有較高的元素濃度。

並列摘要

Two soybean cultivars, Kaohsiung No. 3 (KS-3) and Shih-Shih (SS), were grown in the summer crop of 1981 and spring crop of 1982 at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. Concentrations of P, K and Mg were determined in various plant fractions at stages of soybean development. The purpose was to study the nutritional status in relation to grain yield of soybeans cultured in different crop seasons. Experimental results indicated that concentrations of the three elements were all within the resonable ranges. Vegetative organs (leaf blade, leaf petiole, stem and root), especially the leaf blade, of the spring-grown soybeans contained higher P, K and Mg concentrations than those of the summer-grown soybeans. The concentrations decreased in the vegetative organs during grain-filling, suggesting redistribution of minerals to the seed. The redistribution was more prominent for the summer crop. The only exception was observed for Mg concentration in the leaf petiole which increased drastically during the same period. One possible explanation was that the accumulation of Mg was associated with senescence and the formation of abscission layer. The spring crop also contained higher P and K concentrations in the reproductive organs than the summer crop. Redistribution of P and K from pod wall to the seed was obvious during grain-filling. However, accumulation of Mg in the pod wall was observed. Patterns of changes in mineral concentations during development were similar for cultivars grown in the same crop season, indicating significant environmental impacts on the mineral status of soybean plants. The high elemental concentrations along with the low grain yield of the spring crop revealed no clear relationship between the two characters. It was concluded that low grain yield due to the unfavorable environmental factors in the spring crop season was the major cause of the high mineral concentrations in the vegetative organs of the maturing soybean plants.